Complete, in-depth, up to date and well written summary of chapter 1, 3,4 and 10. (chapters asked in exams)
includes all the important facts!
A must have to pass this module with distinction!
Introduction
Children were treated as little adults
lack of attention/ recognition as human beings contributed high rate of mortality.
In past: 2 Stages human development
Infancy
Adulthood
Infanticide - literally " Killing of infants '/ Killing of children by parents.
neonaticide → killing of baby within 24 hours of its life
filicide: Killing of baby after 24 hours by 1/ both parents.
Cultural beliefs & customs transferred from culture to culture + impacts disciplinary methods &
abuse today.
The eurocentric influence on S.A. Children & Youth
Settlers → " New World " → started process of acculturation
Blacks adopted Western views regarding child rearing & punishment for misbehaviour.
Apartheid caused ”Lost youth. "
Circumstances predispose acts of violence & crime.
youth influenced by -economic growth
- political climate
Widely documented problems S.A youth faced before democratization:
dysfunctional schooling system.
poorly qualified teachers
poorly equipped school
lack of career guidance facilities
lack of bridging programmes
high failure rates at school
lack of employment for school leavers
lack of I blocked opportunities
School absenteeism
Sexual ignorance
High rates teen pregnancy
ignorance HIV & AIDS
substance abuse
factors forced children run away from home
hostility towards older generation
non - existence of youth policy
Inequality
Corporal punishment
Disunited family systems
Sanctions against S.A.
, nature & nurture major forces human development and misbehaviour.
Aftermath of apartheid is seen in form of crime - substance abuse
- disease
- violence
- homelessness
youth in S.A still experience:
negative external circumstances
unemployment
poverty
family disorganization
poor discipline
inadequate/ no housing
overcrowding
interior status/ position
limited /no educational opportunities
inadequate facilities for recreational/ leisure pursuits
low standard of living
physical/ sexual abuse
lack of adequate health.
Feelings hopelessness & uncertainty contribute to misbehaviour & gangs
social disorder → breeding ground for gangs
Gang formations characterized by:
Family disorganization institutions
inadequate education/ religious
superficial moral values
poor incomes
limited possibilities
abusiveness towards kids
Individual human factors play a role on human behavior:
egocentric objectives
poor impulse control
Aggressiveness
desire immediate gratification
limited social skills
tendency socially destructive actions
poor self-image
limited communication stills
loneliness
alienation from family
inability take responsibility/ fulfil social roles
emotionally liable
subject to emotional disorders
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