Interview
IEB History Paper 1 2021 Question 2 Essay
- Course
- History
- Institution
- 12th Grade
A slightly shorter essay attempt with notes on the 2021 Paper 1 Question 2 from the IEB History Exam.
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How disruptive to the negotiation process was the ongoing violence in thelead up to the 1994 Election? Discuss with reference to events in South Africa
between 1992 and 1994.
Notes:
The ongoing violence in the run-up to the 1994 elections in South Africa severely
affected the negotiation process. The violence, which occurred primarily between the
African National Congress (ANC) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), resulted in
the deaths of thousands of people and made it difficult for negotiators to find
common ground. In addition, the violence created a climate of fear and mistrust,
making it difficult for negotiators to build trust and move negotiations forward. The
government's inability to control the violence also undermined its credibility as a
legitimate negotiating partner. Despite these challenges, negotiators managed to
reach an agreement that led to South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994.
Potential essay:
The negotiation process that ultimately resulted in the end of apartheid and the
establishment of a democratic government was significantly hampered by the
ongoing violence in South Africa prior to the election in 1994. Thousands of people
died as a result of the violence, which was mostly between the Inkatha Freedom
Party (IFP) and the African National Congress (ANC), making it difficult for
negotiators to find common ground. Additionally, the violence created a climate of
fear and distrust, making it challenging for negotiators to forge relationships of trust
and move forward with negotiations. Additionally, the government's credibility as a
legitimate negotiating partner was further tarnished by its inability to control the
violence. The negotiations were successful despite these obstacles, and in 1994,
South Africa held its first democratic elections.
Before the negotiations began, the ANC and IFP had been engaging in violence,
which had been going on for a few years before the 1994 election. Deep-seated
political and ethnic tensions, as well as competition for resources and power, were
the root causes of the violence. The Xhosa population made up the majority of the
ANC, which the government had banned for decades, while the Zulu population
made up the majority of the IFP. Numerous innocent civilians were caught in the
crossfire of the brutal violence that took place between the two groups. It was
marked by bombings, random killings, and other acts of terrorism.
The violence disrupted not only the negotiations but also South Africans' day-to-day
lives. Numerous individuals were compelled to flee their communities and homes,
and numerous businesses were destroyed. It was also difficult for negotiators to
build trust and move forward with negotiations because the violence had created a
climate of fear and distrust. This was especially true for the government, which was
thought to be incapable of containing the violence and safeguarding its citizens. The
government's credibility as a legitimate negotiating partner was further tarnished by
its inability to control the violence.
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