Exam (elaborations)
IOP2601_notes.
- Institution
- University Of South Africa
Exam of 8 pages for the course IOP2601 - Organisational Research Methodology at University of South Africa (IOP2601_notes.)
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IOP2601LESSON 1: Introduction to research and statistics v2
LESSON 2: The language of statistics 8
LESSON 3: Basic mathematical calculations used in statistics 19
LESSON 4: Displaying data 24
LESSON 5: Measures of central tendency 42
LESSON 6: Measures of variability 51
LESSON 7: Correlation 61
LESSON 8 Regression 78
LESSON 9: Basic concepts of probability 94
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LESSON 10: The normal distribution 98
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LESSON 11: Sampling distributions and hypothesis testing 110
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LESSON 12: Hypothesis tests applied to means: t-tests 124
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LESSON 13: Hypothesis tests applied to means: one-way of variance 148
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LESSON 14: The chi-square test
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LESSON 15: Power 175
LESSON 16: Data analysis – a fictitious organisation 181
REFERENCES 204
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APPENDIX: LIST OF FORMULAS 205
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, Lesson 1
Introduction to research and statistics
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completing this lesson, you should be able to
define the term “research”
describe the basic research process
identify a research question
discuss the value of research
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What is research?
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The word “research” has various misconceptions, For example, research is often regarded as
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an activity that is somehow exclusive and removed from everyday life; or researchers are
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viewed as aloof individuals in white coats who hide away in laboratories conducting
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experiments with rats (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010).
In fact, research is simply a process for answering questions. It is a systematic process that
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involves collecting, analysing and interpreting information (or “data” as it is termed in
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research) in order to increase our understanding of things that we are interested in or
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concerned about (Leedy &Ormrod, 2010)
What does it mean to do a systematic study according to scientific principles?
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Means that you collect information in such a way that you will have evidence to show that the
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claims you make are indeed true. In other words, you use specific strategies and methods to
gather information so that it will be reliable and valid. Using this process, you will be able to
show that the information you present is indeed an accurate reflection of reality. Therefore,
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research helps us to gather information in such a way that we can discover the truth or even
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new knowledge.
However, you may still be wondering where research actually fits into the field of Industrial
Psychology.
Research in Industrial Psychology
As mentioned above, research is about answering questions or solving problems. Consider the
following questions: Figure 1 illustrates how each of these questions is applicable to a number
of the subfields of Industrial Psychology.
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This study source was downloaded by 100000829011123 from CourseHero.com on 09-19-2021 16:54:53 GMT -05:00
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