Question 1
Systems thinking (also referred to as systems family therapy) is described as counter- cultural
and is a shift from the modernist perspective. Danie, a psychology student, describes himself
as a modernist thinker. Which of the following premises are consistent with the modernist
way of thinking, and which you would expect to be part of Danie’s descriptions of the world:
a. Causality is linear
b. Causality is recursive
c. We can discover reality which is separate from us
d. As an observer, we remain separate from that which we are observing
The correct answer is:
1. a) and c)
2. b), c) and d)
3. a), c) and d)
4. All of the above
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 1:
1. Framework of individual psychology (MODERNISM)
FOR INSTANCE linear cause/effect thinking is appropriate and that any problem is
solvable if we can find an answer to the question, why?
Understand the world as consisting of subjects and objects. From this point of view,
reality is considered to be separate from us, to exist outside our minds. Thus, meaning
comes from external experience and we are recipients: we recognize order rather than
create it.
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We view object/reality from a distance without imposing my values or beliefs on
object/reality.
Subject/object dualism (separation)
CH3
Recursion is a part of First Order Cybernetics/Systems theory therefore not b (Bevcar &
Bevcar, 2014).
At the heart of individualism, the individual is regarded as the primary agent. In order to best
understand the content we are learning, and ensure logical consistency, epistemologies,
theories and assumptions must be logically linked. Although many of the individualistic
theories (e.g. psychoanalytic psychology) do appreciate one’s relationships with others,
which of the following theorists do not fit epistemologically with the systemic theory?
1. Gregory Bateson and Paul Watzlawick
2. Sigmund Freud and BF Skinner
3. Jay Haley and Carl Whitaker
4. None of the above
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 2:
1. Framework of individual psychology
MODERNISM
An examination of individual psychologies such as psychoanalysis (Freud), analytical
psychology (Jung), individual psychology (Adler), Rogerian therapy (Rogers), behaviorism
(Skinner), rational-emotive therapy (Ellis), reality therapy (Glasser), and transactional
1
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