HESI Maternity and Pediatrics
How is EDD calculated using Nagele's rule? Ans- 1. Determine the first day of the LMP
2. Subtract 3 months
3. Add 7 days
4. Adjust the year
What is gravidity? Ans- the number of pregnancies including current pregnancy.
includes miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, ...
Chadwick's sign Ans- Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a
result of increased vascular congestion.
Hegar's sign Ans- softening of the lower uterine segment
,Ballottement Ans- The rebounding of the fetus against the examiner's fingers on palpation
Positive signs of pregnancy Ans- audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound
visualization of fetus
How to measure Fundal Height Ans- Symphysis pubis to top of uterine fundus. # of cm is usually
equivalent to gestation age, give or take 1-2 cm
--At 36 weeks fetus moves down into the pelvis, measurement not as reliable
Smoking tobacco during pregnancy can lead to Ans- low birth weight, a higher incidence of birth defects,
and still births
Cholasma Ans- Pigmented area of the face (mask of pregnancy)
"Linea Nigra" of pregnancy Ans- Dark line of hyperpigmentation down the midline of the abdomen
stiae gravidarum Ans- stretch marks
What are some interventions that the nurse can teach the patient for nausea and vomiting in
pregnancy(occurs during 1st trimester)? Ans- Eat crackers before rising in the morning, eat small,
frequent and low fat meals, drink liquids between meals rather than at meals, avoid fried and spicy
foods. Ask HCP if vit. B6 would be helpful.
What are some interventions for syncope during pregnancy? Ans- sit with feet elevated and change
positions slowly. Instruct the pregnant client to avoid lying in the supine position.
What are some interventions for urinary frequency occurring during pregnancy? Ans- Limit fluid intake
during the evening, void at regular intervals, kegal exercises, avoid caffeine
What are some interventions of ptyalism during pregnancy? Ans- Small, frequent meals, gum chewing
and oral lozenges
, Dilution of RBC mass causing a decline in maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit Ans- physiologic anemia
or pseudoanemia
Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the Hgb and Hct are? Ans- Hgb less than 11 g/dL or Hct less than
33% in 1st or 3rd trimester & Hgb less than 10.5 g/dL or Hct less than 32% in 2nd trimester
What is prescribed in pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency anemia? Ans- Ferrous Sulfate(iron
supplement)
What happens to the heart rate during pregnancy? Ans- heart rate increases by 15-20 BPM.
Interventions for heartburn during pregnancy? Ans- Eat small meals Q2-3H and avoid fatty, acidic, or
spicy foods. Eliminate or curtail smoking and drinking coffee and carbonated beverages. Try chewing
gum. Do not eat or drink before bedtime and sleep with extra pillow. Walk or sit upright 1-2 hours after
meals. May take liquid antacids. Avoid bending over.
What is round ligament pain? Ans- Sharp pain in the side or inguinal area, usually on the right side.
Interventions for round ligament pain? Ans- Use good body mechanics, do not make sudden position
changes or sudden movements. Avoid stretching and twisting at the same time. Bend toward pain, squat
or bring knees up to chest. Apply heat and lie on right side.
Interventions for hemorrhoids during pregnancy? Ans- Avoid constipation, take frequent tepid backs.
Apply cool witch hazel compresses or anesthetic ointments. Eat high fiber foods.
Interventions for constipation during pregnancy? Ans- Drink 8 glasses of liquids each day. Add foods high
in fiber. Restrict cheese consumption. Consult HCP about stool softeners. Try swimming, riding a bicycle,
or take a brisk walk to stimulate peristalsis
Normal fetal heart rate Ans- 110-160
When is fetal movement first noted by expectant mother? Ans- 16-20 weeks.
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