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Summary A - Z Psychology - in Society

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Exam notes on Psychology in Society I used this in my exam and did really well. Hope it helps you like it helped me

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  • April 19, 2023
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A-Z of Psychology


Emotions


1. Definition of the concept emotion

 Emotions are one type of feeling

 Emotions are:

a) feelings clearly linked to the meaning of

b) a particular situation

 The way people express, describe, define and recognise their emotions depends on

factors like:

1) gender

2) age

3) cultural factors

4) the situation they are in

 Emotion means to move thus and emotion can move us to do something

 E.g. fear can move us to run away etc.

 Definition of emotion =

a) combination of physiological arousal (change in heart rate, blood pressure etc.)

b) combined with

c) perceptual-cognitive processes and (thinking and subjective experience)

d) observable behavioural expressions ( crying or laughing)



1.1 Components of emotion

 These components include: physiological; cognitive-perceptual and behavioural components



1.1.1 Physiological component

Regulated by Responsible for Divided into
automatic nervous activity of smooth sympathetic &
system muscles, glands and parasymphetic systems
blood vessels


Emotion =  arousal
Restore Then parasymphetic Lead to bodily leads sympathetic
balance & system counter the changes to  system to activate
help build up actions of arousal survival body for action
and conserve
energy

,  In very intense emotion the effects of sympathetic nervous system can be so strong that it

can lead to heart attacks or sudden death in older persons or people with heart problems

 Continued effects of sympathetic system can be damaging to the body

 If the parasympathetic system continues its effects it can lead to lower blood pressure,

dizziness, fainting and even death = this is called parasymphetic rebound

 Connection between arousal and emotion provide basis for things like lie detector tests

 Device does not actually detect lies but rather measures emotional arousal by monitoring

changes in heart rate, breathing rate, amount of sweat on hands etc.

 Idea is lying will increase physiological arousal seen in above changes



1.1.2 Cognitive-perceptual component

 Emotions are very personal and rely on subjective experience (how you as an individual

interpret the situation)

 Emotions about a specific emotion depends on what the person thinks about the situation

 E.g. driving a car can be pleasurable for some or anxiety provoking for others

 Thus the interpretation about an event influences the emotions we will experience



1.1.3 Behavioural component

 Emotions usually expressed in body language or non-verbal behaviour

 Bodily gestures and facial expressions show variety of basic emotions

 Facial expressions like anger, fear, disgust, sadness & happiness is mostly the same

universally

 But in certain cultures something like sticking out your tongue means disrespect but in

Chinese culture it is used to express surprise

 So if someone is form another culture you must make sure the expression of emotion is not

misunderstood



1.2 Theories of emotion
 Experience of emotion is result of interaction between physiological arousal

and psychological arousal

 Psychological arousal = process whereby people

become aware of

situations and feelings

through conscious feeling

 Arousal that involve physiological and psychological aspects = psycho-

physiological arousal

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