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Samenvatting Neurofysiologische afwijkingen
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Een overzicht van de verschillende neurofysiologische afwijkingen, besproken in het vak Neurologie.
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Neurofysiologie: afwijkingen:1. Visueel: oog
- Strabismus = scheel kijken
- Cataract = troebel worden lens
- Glaucoom = vlekken aan randen -> centraler door chronisch verhoogde
druk wat leidt tot afsterven neuronen n. opticus
- Presbyopie = verminderde elasticiteit lens (vaak door veroudering):
o Myopie = oogbol te lang => bijziendheid
=> opl. = divergerende extra lens
o Hypermetropie = oogbol te kort => verziendheid
=> opl. = divergerende extra lens
- Deficits kleurperceptie:
o Kleuranomalie = trichromatisme
o Kleurenblindheid = dichromatisme
o Geen kleurperceptie = monochromatise
- Amblyopie = lui oog door atrofie oculaire dominantiekolommen
- Visuele agnosie = deficits objectherkenning met intacte spatiale
lokalisatie door bilateraal letsel temporale cortex dus ventrale stroom
(pariëtale cortex! dus dorsale stroom)
- Akinetopsie = geen bewegingsperceptie door laesie bewegingsgevoelige
area’s dorsale stroom
- Achromatopsie = geen kleurperceptie door laesie temporale cortex
ventrale stroom
- Prosopagnosie = geen gezichtsherkenning door letsel ventrale stroom
2. Motorisch
- Ziekte van Parkinson: degeneratie dopaminerge neuronen in S.N.
waardoor toegenomen inhibitie basale ganglia => hypokinesie,
bradykinesie, deficit proceduraal geheugen (!)
- Ziekte van Huntington: dyskinesie (= abnormale ongewenste
bewegingen)
- Cerebellum (motorisch leren!):
o Letsel spinocerebellum: hypotonie, dysmetrie, ataxie,
intentionele tremor, pendulaire reflexen – want wegvallen van
nucleus interpositus (prisma-experiment – PICA)
3. Chemische controle:
- Ziekte van Alzheimer: geheugenproblemen door degeneratie nucleus
basalis van Meynert (cholinerg diffuus systeem)
4. Motivatie:
- Obesitas
5. Emoties:
- Syndroom van Klüver-Bucy door bilaterale temporele lobectomie (cave:
amygdala!): psychische blindheid / visuele agnosie, hyperseksualiteit,
orale tendensen, verminderde angst
- Letsel amygdala: affectvervlakking (minder angst + agressie),
moeilijkheden bij herkenning angst
6. Geheugen:
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