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BOT1501 ASSIGNMENT 02
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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JANEL MOODLEYSTUDENT NUMBER: 137 227 86
BOT1501: ASSIGNMENT 02
DUE DATE: 30 JULY 2021
QUESTION 1
1. The process of primary growth increases the length of the plant, whereas secondary growth increases the
girth of the plant. The longitudinal axis grows as a result of primary growth whereas radial growth is the
product of secondary growth. The action of the apical meristem is what causes primary growth. The activity
of the lateral meristem causes secondary growth to occur. During primary growth, the epidermis, cortex,
and primary vascular tissues develop, whereas secondary growth develops the bark, periderm, lenticels,
secondary phloem, and secondary xylem.
2. Sapwood is the living, outermost component of a woody stem, whereas heartwood is the dead, interior
wood that makes up most of the cross-section of a stem. Sapwood is distinguished by its lighter colour.
Furthermore, the heartwood takes up a substantial portion of the wood's transverse area, whereas the
sapwood takes up only a minor portion. The interior section of the woody stem, which has a blocked
secondary xylem, is known as heartwood. Sapwood is the first form of wood produced by any tree. It is
caused by the vascular cambium, a small layer of cells beneath the bark that generates wood cells on the
inside and bark cells on the outside. As a result, the sapwood is always alive with newly developing cells.
3. Fruit that arises from a single carpel or fused carpels of a single ovary is referred to as simple fruit. Pears,
peaches, apples and cherries are examples of simple fruits. A cluster of flowers produces multiple fruits. The
pineapple, for example, is made up of flowers that fuse together to produce the fruit.
4. When the size of a population is reduced for at least one generation, it is called a population bottleneck.
When a new colony is founded by a few individuals of the old population, the founder effect arises. A
bottleneck effect occurs when a population's gene pool is drastically reduced as a result of an environmental
or human-caused change. A natural event, such as an earthquake or a volcano eruption, might create a
bottleneck effect. A small population with a small number of individuals breaking away from a parent
population causes the founder effect, which is a type of genetic drift. For example, the case of retinitis
pigmentosa in the British colony on the Tristan da Cunha islands.
QUESTION 2
1. Annual, biennial and perennial plants are distinguished mainly by the period which they live for. Annual
plants die every year since their life span is only a month or a few months. After two years, biennial plants
die. The vegetative structure develops in the first year, and growth accelerates in the second year. Plants
that are perennial live for more than two years. Annual plants' seeds will remain dormant until the
appropriate season arrives, and biennial plants' seeds will follow the same 2-year life cycle, while perennial
plants may generate seeds before dying. Annual plants must be planted every year because they don't
survive very long, whereas biennial and perennial plants can be replaced as needed. Corn, wheat, lettuce,
beans, peas, and marigolds are all examples of annual plants. Parsley, carrots, and leeks are examples of
biennial plants. Artichokes, eggplants, most fruit trees, and most herbal herbs are examples of perennial
plants.
2. Source of root medicine and drugs: Roots are a valuable source of life-saving remedies. The roots of plants
like ginseng are used to make medications. Turmeric root can help with a variety of internal organ issues,
including arthritis, liver, and gallbladder difficulties.
Root fibre, like leaves, is used to make brooms, brushes, baskets, and other items. Zacaton is an example of
one of these plants.
People eat roots because they are a direct source of food. Parsnip, beetroot, and other roots are examples
of foods.
3. A) Haustoria – root - is a parasite that extracts carbohydrates from a living host's tissues while damaging it in
the process.
B) The rhizome is a stem that stores nutrients until the plant needs them for new shoot growth or to survive
the winter.
C) The stipule spine is a leaf-like structure that serves as a defence and protects the developing leaf or bud.
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