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Summary 3.5 Marine Processes AQA Physical Geography R115,97   Add to cart

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Summary 3.5 Marine Processes AQA Physical Geography

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Key notes on Unit 3.5 Marine Processes in AQA Physical Geography A level. Includes key definitions and provided a final A* grade.

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  • Unit 3.5
  • May 2, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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3.5 – Marine Processes
Erosional processes:
1. Hydraulic action: when air in cracks in cliffs is compressed when waves crash in,
pressure breaks off rock pieces.
2. Wave quarrying: when the energy of a wave as it breaks against a cliff is enough to
detach bits of rock.
3. Corrasion: when bits of rock and sediment is transported by waves and smash against
the cliff, breaking bits off.
 Abrasion: “sandpapering effect as sediment is dragged up and down across the
shoreline
4. Solution (corrosion): when soluble rocks (limestone, chalk) get gradually dissolved by
the seawater
5. Cavitation: when the waves recede, the compressed air expands violently, again
exerting pressure on the rock and causing pieces to break off.
6. Attrition: when bits of rock in the water smash against each other and break into smaller
and more rounded pieces.

Factors affecting coastal erosion:
 Waves – most erosion happens during winter when waves are destructive
 Rock type – resistant consolidated rock (granite) erode slower than weak rock (clay)
 Geological structure – cracks, joints, bedding planes and faults create weakness
 Beach – beaches absorb wave energy and reduce impact of wave on cliff
 Subaerial processes – weathering and mass movement create debris easily eroded
 Coastal management – groynes and sea walls impact on sediment transfer and patterns
of wave energy

Transportation processes:
1. Traction: the rolling of coarse sediment along the seabed that is too heavy to be carried
2. Solution: when dissolved substances are carried in the water (e.g. limestone)
3. Suspension: smaller sediment picked up and carried within the flow of the water
4. Saltation: sediment bounced along the seabed (light enough to be picked up, too heavy
to remain within the flow of the water)

Longshore drift: important transfer
(flow) mechanism responsible for
moving vast amounts of sediment
along the coastline.

Swash  carries sediment up the
beach parallel to prevailing wind

Backwash  carries sediment back
down beach at a right angle to
shoreline

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