OPOTA Exam 2023 Explain the relationship between a SPO and a test question - Answer A test question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test question Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training - Answer To be able to protect the life and property of yourself and the public List a peace officer's main goals - Answer - Enforce the laws - Preserve the peace, - Prevent crime - Protect civil rights and liberties - Provide services Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - Answer - Use sound judgment to determine which laws are to be formally enforced - Determine if there is a more constructive remedy without arrest or citation Explain the factors necessary for the commission of crime - Answer Desire - the motivation behind criminal behavior Victim - potential target, unaware of surroundings Opportunity - crime prevention strategies State the core concepts of community policing - Answer -partnership between community and police -crime prevention -organizational change of agency -problem solving approach to police role is proactive Considerations for off duty situations - Answer Behavior - social media, uphold ethics Situational Awareness- be alert, pre plan, off duty weapon policy, be a good witness State the purpose of Bill of Rights - Answer protect a individual's freedoms -prevent government from interfering in protected rights Describe the major components of the criminal justice system - Answer Law Enforcement Courts - hold fair & impartial trials, guilt or innocence, Impose sentences Corrections - supervise offender Goals of Sentencing - Answer -protect society -punish offender/rehabilitate -restore the victim Recognize the tenets of the Below 100 - Answer -wear your seatbelt -wear your vest -WIN what's important now -watch your speed -complacency kills Lawful - Answer defined by laws and standards OPOTA Exam 2023 Criminal Law - Answer identifies what actions are prohibited Rules of Agency - Answer Administrative rules, general orders Constitutional Law - Answer amendments Police Legitimacy - Answer exists when the public view the police as authorized to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve problems in community Judgement 1/3 public trust and confidence in police as being honest, trying to do jobs well, and protecting community - Answer Result individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police community partnerships Judgment #2 public willingness to defer the law and police authority - Answer Result Correlation between those who obey and those who view police as legitimate, cooperate by reporting crimes and providing information Judgement #3 public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate - Answer Result citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis circumstances when filming police officers is permissible - Answer -one party consents -as long as it does not interfere with officers carrying out their duties Race - Answer modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable physical characteristics Genetically influenced traits - Answer Skin color, hair, eye shape, blood type, intelligence connection between in / out groups, and police legitimacy - Answer some people interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's societal position rather than immediate circumstances of the police contact Types of Racism - Answer individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural Individual Racism - Answer internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices based on race Interpersonal Racism - Answer occurs between individuals, public expressions of racial prejudice and hate institutional racism - Answer discriminatory policies and treatment by institutions OPOTA Exam 2023 Structural Racism - Answer Collective way of history, culture, power inequality, unequal access to opportunities Components of bias - Answer stereotypes, prejudice, attitude Stereotypes - Answer generalizations about the perceived typical characteristics of a social category Prejudice - Answer a often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age Attitude - Answer positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups Bias-based profiling - Answer -Racial/illegal profiling -unequal treatment by officers by stopping, questioning, searching, detaining on basis of their ethnicity Criminal profiling - Answer Based on observed behaviors and characteristics Two types of Bias - Answer explicit and implicit Explicit Bias - Answer conscious preference for a social category Implicit bias - Answer preference for a social category based on stereotypes that we hold and tend to develop in early life Two modes of thinking - Answer automatic (system 1) deliberative (system 2) System 1 thinking - Answer automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast System 2 thinking - Answer Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower practical purpose - Answer simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to systematically think about each step protection mechanism - Answer we evaluate everything we see to determine if threatening or not strategies to counter implicit biases - Answer -Guarding against influence in decision making -awareness -know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue) -slow down thinking -empathetic -effort (intention, attention, time) Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - Answer person based approach community based model OPOTA Exam 2023 person based approach - Answer emphasizes the importance of face to face interactions between officer and a citizen Community based model - Answer ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy through entire society community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - Answer every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease public perception of police) four core principles of procedural justice - Answer giving others a voice, neutrality in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - Answer -owed to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself -treat everyone professionally -never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities External Influences on behavior - Answer relationships with family and friends, citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture Internal influences on behavior - Answer officer's own ethical and moral beliefs, anger, greed, lust Denial of victim - Answer argue that violated party deserves to be victimized Denial of responsibility - Answer acted improperly because no other options Denial of injury - Answer argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical misconduct Social Weighting - Answer makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct moral justification - Answer argues that it's necessary to break rules for the greater good Continuum of Compromise - Answer -being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to that element of society that operates without values, combines to severely challenge an officer's core values system - can lead to a sense of entitlement where officers believe they are owed professional courtesy and that the rules don't apply to them acts of omission - Answer officer rationalize and justify not doing things they are responsible Acts of commission - Answer administrative violations acts of commission - Answer -criminal -theft
