Deze samenvatting omschrijft onderstaande hoofdstukken/ onderwerpen:
H1 en H2
•Individu en organisatie
•Inpassen en motiveren
H3 en H4
•Groepen in organisaties
•Samenwerken en overleggen in groepen
H5 en H6
•Communicatie in de organisatie
•Macht en leiding
H7 en H8
•Orga...
Oefenvragen NCOI Gedrag in Organsiaties / Organisatiegedrag - 50 open vragen met antwoorden 2024
Oefententamen: Gedrag in Organisaties H1 t/m H10 ( meerkeuze vragen)
Samenvatting toetsmatrijs Gedrag in organisaties
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Mens & Organisatie
Inhoudsopgave
H1: Individu en organisatie.....................................................................................................................6
Interne motivatie................................................................................................................................6
Maslow...........................................................................................................................................6
Alderfer...........................................................................................................................................6
McCelland.......................................................................................................................................6
Externe motivatie...............................................................................................................................6
Trial and error.................................................................................................................................6
Skinner............................................................................................................................................6
Betekenisgeving..................................................................................................................................7
Vroom.............................................................................................................................................7
Andere persoonlijke kenmerken: rol in het werk...............................................................................7
Competenties.................................................................................................................................8
Persoonlijkheid – The Big Five........................................................................................................8
Attitudes – ASE-model....................................................................................................................9
Houding mensen t.o.v. het werk........................................................................................................9
Veranderende relatie individu en organisatie..................................................................................10
Het nieuwe werken (HNW)...............................................................................................................10
Het Nieuwe Werken (HNW) – voordelen......................................................................................11
Het Nieuwe Werken (HNW) – nadelen.........................................................................................11
Het Nieuwe Werken (HNW) – gevolgen voor de medewerkers....................................................11
Het Nieuwe Werken (HNW) – vraagstukken of dilemma’s voor leidinggevenden........................11
Het Nieuwe Werken (HNW) – gevolgen voor het managen van personeel..................................12
H2: Inpassen en motiveren...................................................................................................................13
Werving & Selectie...........................................................................................................................13
Werving........................................................................................................................................13
Selectie.........................................................................................................................................14
Werving & Selectie - trends 2023.....................................................................................................15
Employability....................................................................................................................................15
Inpassen............................................................................................................................................16
Onboarding.......................................................................................................................................16
Methoden van inpassen...................................................................................................................17
Motiveren.........................................................................................................................................17
, Motivatie en werk............................................................................................................................18
Motivatie en individu........................................................................................................................19
Effecten van motiveren....................................................................................................................19
Binden (én boeien!) – Employability.................................................................................................20
Employer Brand / Werkgeversmerk.................................................................................................20
Exitgesprek.......................................................................................................................................20
H3: Groepen in organisaties.................................................................................................................21
Wat is een groep?.............................................................................................................................21
Soorten groepen...............................................................................................................................22
Functies van groepen.......................................................................................................................22
Sociale beïnvloeding in groepen.......................................................................................................23
invloed op conformiteit....................................................................................................................23
Fasen in de groepsontwikkeling.......................................................................................................23
Fasen in de groepsontwikkeling – Tuckman....................................................................................24
Structurele kenmerken van groepen................................................................................................24
Affectieve relaties.............................................................................................................................25
Relaties tussen groepen (afdelingen)...............................................................................................25
Verbeteren van de relaties tussen groepen......................................................................................26
H4: Samenwerking en overleggen in groepen......................................................................................26
Waarom presteren groepen slecht?.................................................................................................26
Meeliftgedrag / Social Loafing..........................................................................................................26
Verbeteren van de groepsprestaties................................................................................................27
Probleem oplossen: groepsaanpak of niet?......................................................................................27
Doelmatig overleggen.......................................................................................................................28
Oorzaken procesverliezen in een overleg.........................................................................................28
Groepsdenken / Groupthink.............................................................................................................29
Verbeteren van het overleg in groepen............................................................................................29
Structurering van het overleg – fasenmodel....................................................................................30
Samenwerken en overleggen in zelfsturende teams........................................................................30
Overleggen in virtuele teams – probleem........................................................................................31
H5: Communicatie in de organisatie.....................................................................................................32
Wat is communicatie?......................................................................................................................32
Vormen van communicatie...............................................................................................................32
Vormen van non-verbale communicatie..........................................................................................32
Hoe verloopt het communicatieproces?..........................................................................................32
Stappen in het communicatieproces................................................................................................33
, Aspecten van communicatie.............................................................................................................33
Formele versus informele communicatie.........................................................................................33
Formele communicatie – tekorten...................................................................................................34
Informele communicatie..................................................................................................................34
Belemmeringen in de communicatie................................................................................................34
Verbeteren van de communicatie....................................................................................................35
H6: Macht en leiding............................................................................................................................36
Hoe werkt macht?............................................................................................................................36
Machtsmiddelen...............................................................................................................................36
Positiegebonden machtsmiddelen...................................................................................................37
Persoonsgebonden machtsmiddelen...............................................................................................37
Vormen van machtsgebruik..............................................................................................................37
Stijlen van leidinggeven....................................................................................................................38
Hoe geef je nou effectief leiding?.....................................................................................................38
Leiderschap en persoonskenmerken................................................................................................38
Leiderschap en situatie – Fiedler......................................................................................................39
Leiderschap en situatie – Hersey & Blanchard..................................................................................39
Verbeteren van leidinggeven............................................................................................................40
Transactioneel versus transformationeel leiderschap......................................................................40
Coachend leiderschap......................................................................................................................41
H7: Organisatiestructuur......................................................................................................................42
Aanbrengen van structuur - WAAROM?...........................................................................................42
Aanbrengen van een structuur – HOE?............................................................................................42
Verdelen van werkzaamheden.........................................................................................................42
Functionele indeling.........................................................................................................................43
Afstemmen van werkzaamheden.....................................................................................................44
Groeperen van werkzaamheden......................................................................................................45
Bevoegdheden en onderlinge verhoudingen....................................................................................46
Communicatiekanalen ontwerpen...................................................................................................48
Organische en mechanistische structuur..........................................................................................48
Ontwikkelingen in structurele vormgeving.......................................................................................49
uitdaging voor het management!.....................................................................................................49
H8: Organisatiecultuur.........................................................................................................................50
Drie modellen om naar typen organisatiecultuur te kijken..............................................................50
Harrison (1972) & Handy (2009)...................................................................................................50
Deal & Kennedy (1982).................................................................................................................50
, Kets de Vries & Miller (1984)........................................................................................................50
Wanneer is welke cultuur nou effectief?..........................................................................................51
Vaststellen en analyseren van de cultuur.........................................................................................51
Hoe ontstaat een cultuur?................................................................................................................52
Overdragen en instandhouden van een organisatiecultuur.............................................................52
Organisatiecultuur en nationaliteit...................................................................................................53
Organisatiecultuur en nationaliteit – Acceptatie van machtsafstand (groot – klein)....................53
Organisatiecultuur en nationaliteit – Individualisme versus Collectivisme...................................53
Organisatiecultuur en nationaliteit – Masculiniteit versus Feminiteit..........................................54
Organisatiecultuur en nationaliteit – Vermijding van onzekerheid (sterk – zwak).......................54
Veranderen van een organisatiecultuur…?.......................................................................................54
H9: Besluitvorming in organisatie.........................................................................................................55
Kenmerken van problemen..............................................................................................................55
Dimensies die meespelen.................................................................................................................55
Typen problemen en hun kernmerken.............................................................................................55
Gebieden van besluitvorming...........................................................................................................56
Strategische besluitvorming.............................................................................................................56
Organisatorische besluitvorming......................................................................................................57
Operationele besluitvorming............................................................................................................57
Kenmerken van besluitvorming........................................................................................................57
Problemen in de besluitvorming......................................................................................................58
Aard van de problematiek................................................................................................................58
Aard van de beslissers......................................................................................................................58
Aard van de organisatie....................................................................................................................58
Belemmeringen in de besluitvorming...............................................................................................59
Hoe merk je nou die belemmeringen in de besluitvorming?............................................................59
Besluitvormingsmodellen.................................................................................................................59
Besluitvormingsmodellen – rationeel proces...............................................................................60
Besluitvormingsmodellen – beperkt-rationeel proces..................................................................60
Besluitvormingsmodellen – vuilnisvatmodel................................................................................60
Besluitvormingsmodellen – politiek proces..................................................................................61
Besluitvormingsmodellen – ongemerkte controle........................................................................61
Model voor strategieformulering.....................................................................................................62
H10: Stress en conflicten......................................................................................................................63
Stress en de oorzaken ervan…..........................................................................................................63
Stressreacties....................................................................................................................................63
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