, Question 1
1.1) Define Inclusive Education.
The term inclusion implies a sense of community and creating shared spaces. Inclusion takes
place in a classroom community that is continuously changing according to the students,
their needs, as well as their interests. Inclusive education refers to reforming the
educational system to meet the needs of all students regardless of their background.
Equalization of opportunity needs to be reflected in the field of education. The principle of
inclusive education is that all students regardless of any challenges should be placed in
general education classes, which are in their neighbourhood to receive high-quality
instructions and support that enable them to meet success in the core curriculum. Children
should learn together regardless of any difficulties or differences they may have. Inclusive
educational settings should accommodate and respond to the diverse needs of their
students.
1.2) Discuss the following theories underpinning Inclusive Education.
1.2.1 Critical theory and its key principles.
Critical theory critiques the view of society, social structure and group culture. As opposed
to merely debunking criticism, a critical theory is concerned with preventing the loss of truth
that past knowledge has laboured to attain. It criticizes social justice, racial oppression,
discrimination and many other contradictions. The critical theory analyzes how educational
systems can provide education to all people. In the view of critical theory, learners have the
right to access education and every learner has their strengths and weaknesses. The crucial
principles of the critical theory include the right of every learner to access education.
1.2.2 African philosophies and their key principles.
African philosophies are disinclined to schools of thought that promote colonial supremacy.
African philosophies focus on issues that influence inclusive education. These issues include
cultural traditions, faith and values that affect the way learners learn. Sotuku and Duku
identified elements of Ubuntu. This philosophy articulates such important values as respect,
human dignity, compassion and compromise. Ubuntu also values independence and
dependence as it requires supportiveness, cooperation and solidarity within the community,
Ubuntu promotes a spirit of interconnectedness, social cohesion, respect and dignity,
collectivism and solidarity, communal enterprise and leadership. However, modern African
society is constituted of people from different cultures or different backgrounds. Ubuntu
also facilitates a spirit of hospitality and sharing.
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