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Summary Chemistry: The Central Science - Chemistry 124 (chem124)
- Course
- Chemistry 124 (CHEM124)
- Institution
- Stellenbosch University (SUN)
summary of whole course and step by step examples and explanations
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Chemistry 124 notes: Entire syllabusMade by Kayla
Nadauld
,INTROTO CHEM Mixture separation
MATER Filteration:separation of solid filtered out of a liquid
Distillation:separates a
liquid from a liquid by using different
solid (definite, he liquid (weak, casino fixed boiling points
Shape volume) attraction) shape or volume chromatography:Mixture dissolved in the solvent -
components
solid, liquid,
gas
separate by how strongly they adhere to a surface
separate
disolves completely
Accuracy
-
water
precision us
eg. Sugar
eg. oil 8 water
fixed
↳ How close measuremely agree us How close the measurements
composition
are to the "true"value.
2 or mor
substances
eg. Air
Note:
eg. Al, Au eg. [12H2z0il
3
nl cm density: Mass Gode
=
Heterogenus:variation in composition throughout sample S
=
dr
Homogenus:constant composition throughout sample
Mixture:combination of two or more substances, can be separated
NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUDS
Element:one type of atom, cannot be decomposed into simpler uponnon-metal m e
substances Positive Cations from non-metals
get the suffix -ium
Compount:Composed of two or more
types of atoms Negative Arions (monotomicget the suffix -ide while the
anions containing 02 end rate or -it (for one fewer
oxygen
Properties of matter: atom in the molecule)
Physical:measured withoutchanging (states) substances Name Cation the Anion
composition eg. Colour, density, solidity -
Acids
chemical:how a substance will change or reach eg. flammability Anion ending in vide a
hydro is acid
Anion -ale/-itec acid
Intensive:properties don'tdepend on the amount of substance ending in
jc-ous
eg. density, boiling point or colour Molecular compounds
w
a ree
Extensive:depend on
quantity of
sample eg. mass, volume or Elements further left on the table is named first
energy.
IfElements are in the same
group the higher atomic mass is
named first
Physical quantilies The 2nd Element gets the suffix -
ide
Mass:amount of material in an object (kg). Prefixused to denote number of atoms of each element in the
Temp:determines direction of heat flow compound (mono is not used on the Is Element)
, NOMENCLATURE
2
Identify follow the 3
the type
It
template check by reverting
Group 12 metal:Cation + Anion-IDE 2t 3
+ -3 - 2 - 1 between the name and
roma
numerals
Transition metal:Cation (II) Anion-IDE fornula
charge
Both non metals:Cation prefix Anione -
IDE
prefixes:I mono z di 3 tri
4 Letra Sparta 6 hexa
me
containing oxygen
eg. Nale (group metal) Rule: Example
·
Sodium Chloride most per+'rool' are CO2 perchlorate
more rool' tate 205 chlorate
if0 has a
charge
eg.
CuO (transition metal) ob-2 and there is less roor'+ ite CO2 chlorite
one to then it has
'root' tite co hypoclorite
·Copper (II) Oxide a
charge of +2 to least
hypo+
balance it
(2 non-metals)
eg. CO
AsH
:Carbon monoxide Anion ending in vide a
hydro is acid
Anion -ale/-itec acid
-
3
ending in
jc-ous
7
U3
eg. 25
:chromium (II) Chloride eg. HBP (coms Grove Bromide)
:HydroBromic acid
NFS
eg.
·Nitrogen bifturide eg. HNO2 (Comes from Nitrite)
..
Nitrous acid
eg MgC
·Magnesium chloride eg. HNO, Czomes from Nirrahel
... Nitric acid
eg
kBr
pottasium Bromide
.
ey Cu20
:Copper (I) oxide
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