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Summary IEB - Grade 10 Introduction to Chemistry R149,00
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Summary IEB - Grade 10 Introduction to Chemistry

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Introduction to basic chem Including: - periodic trends - matter - bonding - physical and chemical change -electrolysis - energy change in chemical reactions - physical properties - forces

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  • June 17, 2023
  • 24
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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NotesbyCar
,Periodic trends
ionization energy



atomic radius




electron affinity

, • In boron the valence electron to be removed is in
a p-orbital
• This electron is further from the nucleus and
experiences a weaker force of attraction to the
positive nucleus
• Less energy required to remove electron (lower
ionisation energy than expected)


• In oxygen the valence electron to be removed
is in a p-orbital that already has an electron
• The valence electron is repelled slightly by
this electron meaning less energy is required
to remove it

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