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Summary GR 11 Materie & Materiale

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Chemiese Bindings. Die teken van Lewis diagrammme. Polariteit van ʼn Molekules Identifisering van Polêre en Nie-Polêre

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  • June 19, 2023
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MATERIE & MATERIALE

,Materie & Materiale
Definsies:
'n Chemiese binding: 'n Wedersydse aantrekking tussen twee atome as
gevolg van die gelyktydige aantrekking tussen hulle kerne en buite-elektrone.
'n Lewis-kol-diagram: 'n Struktuurformule waarin valens elektrone deur kolle of kruisies
voorgestel word.
'n Kovalente binding: Die deel van elektrone tussen twee atome om 'n
molekuul te vorm.

Molekuul: 'n Groep van twee of meer atome wat kovalente gebind is en as 'n eenheid
funksioneer.
'n Bindingspaar: 'n Elektronpaar wat tussen twee atome in 'n kovalente
binding gedeel word.

'n Alleenpaar: 'n Elektronpaar in die valensskil van 'n atoom wat nie met 'n
ander atoom gedeel word nie.
Elektronegatiwiteit: 'n Maatstaf van die neiging van 'n atoom in 'n molekuul
om bindingselektrone aan te trek.
'n Nie-polêre kovalente binding: 'n Binding waarin die elektrondigtheid gelykop
tussen die twee atome gedeel word.
'n Polêr kovalente binding:'n Binding waarin die elektrondigtheid ongelyk
tussen twee atome gedeel word.
Bindings energie van 'n verbinding: Die energie benodig om een mol van sy
molekule in aparte atome op te breek.

Bindingslengte: Die gemiddelde afstand tussen die kerne van twee gebonde
atome.
Verduidelik die verwantskap tussen bindingsenergie en bindingslengte, d.i. bindings met
'n korter bindings lengte benodig meer energie om te breek as bindings met 'n langer
bindings lengte.




Bladsy 1 van 6 © Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou At Hattingh ©

, Chemiese Bindings.

Kovalente Bindings Metaalbindings Ioniese Bindings
❖ Elektrone word gedeel ❖ Gedelokaliseerde ❖ Oordrag van elektrone
om bindings te vorm. elektrone. vanaf ʼn metaal na ʼn Nie-
❖ Binding tussen Nie- ❖ Elektrone is los. Metaal.
Metale. ❖ Baie sterk. ❖ Metaal skenk elektrone.
❖ Die verskil in ❖ Bv.: Cu. Dus word sy landing meer
elektronegatiwiteit is 2, +
1 of kleiner. ❖ Nie Metaal ontvang
❖ Molekule vorm. elektrone dus word die
❖ Baie sterk (Sterkste) lading meer –
❖ Vb. SO2, H2O ❖ Ioniese stowwe begin
❖ Lewis diagram HCL: met ʼn metaal of NH4+
❖ Die verskil in
elektronegatiwiteit is 2, 1
of groter.
❖ Baie sterk (Swakste)
❖ Almal in vastestof fase.
❖ Elektrisiteit word nie
gelei in vastestof fase nie,
maar wel as dit gesmelt
word of oplos.
❖ Bv. NaCl.




Bladsy 2 van 6 © Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou At Hattingh ©

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