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Chapter 2 - Part 2 (Basic Chemistry)
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These notes partially cover a part of Chapter 2 - Basic Chemistry in the textbook Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
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Chapter 2 - Part 2 - Basic ChemistryThere are four types of organic molecules in biology
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA - RNA)
Macromolecules (Like proteins & carbohydrates) are polymers (chain)
They're made of many similar or repeating units called monomers
Polymers form by adding monomers in what's called dehydration (Loss of a water
molecule)
And they break down by removing monomers by hydrolysis (Adding a water molecule)
1
, Sugars, proteins, & nucleic acids are true polymers, lipids are not, they're just a large
molecule
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
2
,Organic Molecules
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, ↑ Chapter 2 - Part 2 - Basic Chemistry
Carbohydrates
Sugars, starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin, are all made of carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen
Carbohydrate: Hydrated Carbon (C+H 2O)
They all consist of monosaccharide (simple sugar)
Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Image · They generally have molecular formulas that are multiples of CH_2O, so nCH_2O, wher
Disaccharides
Image · Consist of two monosaccharides joined with each other through a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharides
Image · Polymers of glucose, very large (Thousands of linked monomers) · They are insoluble, g
Path of carbohydrates in the body
They first get digested in the small intestine
They get absorbed as monomers (Glucose)
Go to the blood ( Part of it goes to the cells & gets converted to H 2O, CO2, ATP and
provides energy to power body/cell metabolism - The other part goes to the liver and
muscles for storage in the form of glycogen )
We need carbohydrates because they're a good, easy, and ready to use source of energy
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