Exam (elaborations)
Mathematics and Life Skills PRGRT03 ASSIGNMENT 2 ANSWERS
- Course
- Prgrt03
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Mathematics and Life Skills PRGRT03 ASSIGNMENT 2 ANSWERS
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WEPASS TUTORIALSQUESTION ONE
1.1 The constructivist and behaviorist learning theories are two different approaches to understanding
how individuals learn. Here are the key distinctions between these two theories:
1. Focus:
- Constructivist Theory: Constructivism emphasizes the active role of the learner in constructing their
own knowledge and understanding of the world. It views learning as a process of constructing meaning
through experiences and interactions with the environment.
- Behaviorist Theory: Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and external stimuli that shape
learning. It suggests that learning is the result of conditioning and reinforcement, where individuals
respond to stimuli with specific behaviors.
2. Learning Process:
- Constructivist Theory: Constructivism highlights the importance of prior knowledge, cognitive
processes, and social interactions in the learning process. Learners actively engage in activities, reflect on
their experiences, and construct new knowledge by integrating new information with their existing
mental frameworks.
- Behaviorist Theory: Behaviorism emphasizes the role of stimulus-response associations in the learning
process. Learning is seen as a passive acquisition of new behaviors through repeated exposure to stimuli
and reinforcement or punishment.
, 3. Role of the Teacher:
- Constructivist Theory: In constructivism, the teacher is seen as a facilitator or guide who supports and
scaffolds the learner’s construction of knowledge. The teacher creates opportunities for exploration,
encourages critical thinking, and promotes collaboration among learners.
- Behaviorist Theory: In behaviorism, the teacher plays a more directive role as the one who designs and
controls the learning environment. The teacher provides clear instructions, sets goals, and delivers
rewards or punishments based on learners’ performance.
4. Assessment:
- Constructivist Theory: Constructivist approaches to assessment focus on evaluating learners’
understanding and their ability to apply knowledge in real-world contexts. Assessments often involve
open-ended tasks, projects, and portfolios that demonstrate learners’ construction of knowledge.
- Behaviorist Theory: Behaviorist assessment methods typically involve testing for the mastery of specific
skills or knowledge through objective measures such as multiple-choice tests or quizzes. The emphasis is
on measurable outcomes and correct responses.
5. Transfer of Learning:
- Constructivist Theory: Constructivism emphasizes the transfer of learning to real-life situations.
Learners are encouraged to apply their knowledge and skills in authentic contexts, making connections
between what they have learned and the world around them.
- Behaviorist Theory: Behaviorism focuses more on the transfer of specific behaviors or responses to
similar stimuli. The emphasis is on replicating learned behaviors in similar situations rather than broader
applications.
It's Important to note that these theories are not mutually exclusive, and elements of both can be found
in various educational practices. Many modern educational approaches combine aspects of
constructivism and behaviorism to create a balanced and effective learning environment.
1.2 Piaget’s cognitive development theory describes how children’s thinking and understanding evolve
over time. According to Piaget, cognitive development occurs in four distinct stages: sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage represents a different level of
cognitive functioning and has implications for teaching mathematics in Grade R (typically around 5-6
years old).
1. Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years old):
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