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TEST BANKBiochemistry
Roger L. Miesfeld, and Megan M. McEvoy
1st Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Principles of Biochemistry 1
Chapter 02 Physical Biochemistry-Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes 26
Chapter 03 Nucleic Acid Structure and Function 52
Chapter 04 Protein Structure 80
Chapter 05 Methods in Protein Biochemistry 111
Chapter 06 Protein Function 139
Chapter 07 Enzyme Mechanisms 171
Chapter 08 Cell Signaling Systems 201
Chapter 09 Glycolysis-A Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation 227
Chapter 10 The Citrate Cycle 257
Chapter 11 Oxidative Phosphorylation 292
Chapter 12 Photosynthesis 323
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Structure and Function 353
Chapter 14 Carbohydrate Metabolism 382
Chapter 15 Lipid Structure and Function 410
Chapter 16 Lipid Metabolism 438
Chapter 17 Amino Acid Metabolism 465
Chapter 18 Nucleotide Metabolism 491
Chapter 19 Metabolic Integration 516
Chapter 20 DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 542
Chapter 21 RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing 567
Chapter 22 Protein synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and transport 594
Chapter 23 Gene Regulation 623
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
Chapter 1: Principles of Biochemistry
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 What Is Biochemistry? 1.2.h. Explain the role of receptors in multicellular
organisms.
1.1.a. List examples where biochemistry has made
advancements in the lives of many humans. 1.3 Storage and Processing of Genetic Information
1.2 The Chemical Basis of Life: A Hierarchical Perspective 1.3.a. Identify the three components of a nucleotide.
1.2.a. List the elements that are most abundant in living 1.3.b. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
organisms.
1.3.c. Define the central dogma of molecular biology.
1.2.b. Identify the most abundant functional groups found
in biomolecules. 1.3.d. Define the terms transcriptome and proteome.
1.2.c. Name the four major classes of biomolecules and the 1.4 Determinants of Biomolecular Structure and Function
primary cellular functions associated with each.
1.4.a. Differentiate between germ-line cell mutations and
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1.2.d. Identify the biomolecules that form polymers. somatic cell mutations.
1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living 1.4.b. Differentiate between orthologous genes and
systems. paralogous genes.
1.2.f. Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic cells. 1.4.c. Identify the relationship between protein structure
and function.
1.2.g. Name the key organelles found in a eukaryotic cell.
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
Chapter 1: Principles of Biochemistry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The birth of modern biochemistry can be traced to the
a. end of the 19th century.
b. end of the 20th century.
c. beginning of the 19th century.
d. beginning of the 21st century.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1
OBJ: 1.1.a. List examples where biochemistry has made advancements in the lives of many
humans. MSC: Remembering
2. The study of biochemistry attempts to explain
a. chemical processes at the atomic level.
b. biological processes at the molecular and cellular level.
c. the nature of life.
d. physical processes at the macromolecular level.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
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OBJ: 1.1.a. List examples where biochemistry has made advancements in the lives of many
humans. MSC: Remembering
3. Enzymes function as reaction catalysts in cells. If the enzymes were removed from a cell, the
rate of biochemical reactions would
a. increase.
b. remain the same.
c. decrease.
d. It is impossible to know.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1.a. List examples where biochemistry has made advancements in the lives
of many humans. MSC: Understanding
4. The essential ions calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium are all
a. anions.
b. cations.
c. transition metals.
d. halogens.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.a. List the elements that are most abundant in living organisms.
MSC: Analyzing
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
5. Look at the bond energies O-H, N-H, and P-H in the table below. O-H is the hardest bond to
break because it has the
a. greatest difference in relative affinities of the two atoms for electrons.
b. smallest difference in relative affinities of the two atoms for electrons.
c. smallest difference in atomic size.
d. largest difference in atomic size.
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ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.b. Identify the most abundant functional groups found in biomolecules.
MSC: Understanding
6. Given that methane (CH4) has a bond angle of 109.5 and ethylene (C2H2) has a bond angle of
120, what is the correct bond angle for acetylene (C2H2)?
a. 1.5
b. 160
c. 180
d. 360
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.b. Identify the most abundant functional groups found in biomolecules.
MSC: Applying
7. Amino acids are the building blocks for which biomolecule(s)?
a. proteins
b. DNA
c. carbohydrates
d. micelles
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.c. Name the four major classes of biomolecules and the primary cellular functions
associated with each. MSC: Remembering
8. The __________ differentiates amino acids from one another.
a. number of silane groups
b. number of phosphoryl groups
c. side chains attached to the central carbon
d. number of hydroxyl groups
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.c. Name the four major classes of biomolecules and the primary cellular functions
associated with each. MSC: Understanding
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
9. A nucleotide consists of which of the following?
a. nitrogenous base, four-membered sugar and phosphate groups
b. phosphate base, four-membered sugar and sulfate groups
c. nitrogenous base, five-membered sugar and phosphate groups
d. carboxylic acid, four-membered sugar and phosphate groups
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.c. Name the four major classes of biomolecules and the primary cellular functions
associated with each. MSC: Remembering
10. Simple sugars are made of which of the following elements?
a. carbon, sulfur, and hydrogen
b. carbon, oxygen, and phosphate
c. carbon, oxygen, and helium
d. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.c. Name the four major classes of biomolecules and the primary cellular functions
associated with each. MSC: Remember
11. If energy in the form of ATP is required to make a polymeric macromolecule, which of the
following will happen if there is no ATP available?
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a. The rate of polymer increases.
b. The polymer is broken down to release ATP.
c. The polymer continues to be made at the same rate.
d. The enzyme degrades to release ATP.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Understanding
12. Why are fewer polypeptide sequences encountered biologically than are theoretically possible?
a. There is no way to make all the theoretical possibilities.
b. The phosphodiester linkages don’t allow for all the possibilities.
c. Not all have useful structural and functional properties.
d. Not all of the possibilities can be broken down.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.d. Identify the biomolecules that form polymers. MSC: Applying
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
13. Humans do not have the enzyme cellulase. Is it likely that a human could survive on a
plant-only diet?
a. No, not enough ATP would be produced to generate energy.
b. No, not enough DNA would be produced to generate energy.
c. Yes, cellulase is not necessary to break down plant material.
d. Yes, ATP is not necessary to maintain life.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Analyzing
14. Which two functional groups are involved in producing a peptide bond?
a. alcohol and amino
b. amino and thiol
c. methyl and amino
d. amino and carboxyl
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.b. Identify the most abundant functional groups found in biomolecules.
MSC: Understanding
15. Even though amylose and cellulose contain the same repeating unit of glucose, they are very
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different in terms of function. Why?
a. A glycosidic bond cannot be cleaved.
b. The orientations of the glycosidic bond are different.
c. ATP cannot be generated from amylose.
d. There is no structural difference between the polymers.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.d. Identify the biomolecules that form polymers. MSC: Applying
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
16. If the concentration of aspartate in the cell decreased, what would be the predicted outcome?
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a. increased concentration of argininosuccinate
b. decreased concentration of citrulline
c. decreased concentration of fumarate
d. increased concentration of arginine
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Applying
17. The correct definition of a pathway intermediate is a molecule that
a. is both a product and a reactant in a pathway.
b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
c. increases the rate of a reaction.
d. is only a reactant in a pathway.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Understanding
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
18. If the concentration of F is high in a cell, the pathway will MOST likely shift to produce
a. more C.
b. less C.
c. more A.
d. less D.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Applying
19. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are used in which of the following?
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a. gene cloning
b. production of chromatin
c. cell movement
d. replication of nucleus
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.e. Explain the role of metabolic pathways in living systems.
MSC: Remembering
20. What is the function of the chloroplast in a plant cell?
a. detoxification of macromolecules
b. degradation of macromolecules
c. conversion of light energy to chemical energy
d. conversion of glucose to ATP
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.f. Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
MSC: Understanding
21. If a plasma membrane is hydrophobic, what kinds of amino acids are MOST likely to be found
in the membrane?
a. hydrophilic amino acids
b. hydrophobic amino acids
c. polar amino acids
d. charged amino acids
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.g. Name the key organelles found in a eukaryotic cell.
MSC: Applying
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 1st Edition (Miesfeld, 2018)
22. When a ligand binds to a receptor, it causes the receptor to
a. degrade.
b. activate.
c. deactivate.
d. rapidly grow.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.g. Name the key organelles found in a eukaryotic cell.
MSC: Understanding
23. How does the molecule adenosine monophosphate fit into the seven hierarchical levels that
define the chemical basis of life?
a. element/functional group
b. biomolecule
c. metabolism
d. organism
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2.f. Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
MSC: Understanding
24. The main difference between deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides is that they have
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a different
a. number of carbons in the sugar ring.
b. functional group on the 2 carbon.
c. number of phosphates on the 5 carbon.
d. functional group on the 3 carbon.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3.b. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. MSC: Understanding
25. A hydrogen bond can best be described as a
a. strong covalent interaction.
b. strong ionic interaction.
c. weak noncovalent interaction.
d. weak covalent interaction.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3.a. Identify the three components of a nucleotide. MSC: Remembering
26. Why can a guanine not be paired with adenine?
a. Guanine is only found in RNA and adenine is found only in DNA.
b. Guanine can form three hydrogen bonds and adenine can form two.
c. Guanine can form only two hydrogen bonds and adenine can form three.
d. Guanine can only pair with thymine.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3.b. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. MSC: Analyzing
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