Exam (elaborations)
ICH 4801 ASSIGNMENT 02 SEMESTER 02 2023
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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2023ICH4801
ASSIGNMENT 2
S E ME S T E R 1 2 0 2 3
DUE: 1 AUGUST 2023
,SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION
Question 1 [40 marks]
Question 1(a) (20 marks) – compulsory
1. Define “colonialism” in your own words.
A Colonialism is a historical process where a powerful nation or group of people
establishes and maintains control over other territories or regions, often located far from
their own homeland. It involves the domination, exploitation, and subjugation of the
colonized people, their resources, and their land for the benefit of the colonizing power.
Colonialism typically involves political, economic, and cultural control, with the colonizers
imposing their institutions, values, and systems of governance upon the colonized
population
2. How does Maldonado-Torres explain the concept of coloniality?The
continuation of patterns of colonialism expressed in the culture, behavior, knowledge
production of the subjugated. Decolonisation implies an emancipation from colonial
culture, values, etc.
He focuses on the issue of “race” and the biological basis thereof, assuming that the
conquistador control the conquered through labour, slavery and serfdom. Coloniality
is linked to relations of capital and the world market
Coloniality is another way to refer to the 'colonial matrix of power' or the coloniality of
power. It is the basis and justification for the exploitation of the world and its
resources by European systems of domination.
+27 81 278 3372
3. Explain the difference between colonialism and coloniality. Colonialism
is a form of domination in which the dominant culture alienates the subjected
culture and coloniality represents the adoption of colonial culture, etc by the
subjugated.
4. Sketch the sociohistorical background of colonialism and coloniality in
the South African context.
In SA, colonialism begun with the arrival of Europeans in 1652. There was a period
of colonialism along with capitalism with the inception of the industrial revolution in
SA, the discovery of minerals in 1867 and 1886. During this period, there was a
domination of European class, controlling the means of production and colonizing
South African peoples. Colonialism extended to apartheid a “special kind of
colonialism”. Apartheid extended until 1994, with the first democratic elections.
, Instead of transitioning to independence, the colonized accommodated the
colonialist in which way coloniality is kept alive. Coloniality demotes a continuation of
colonialism while there should be a new social order.
5. Do you agree with the colonial policies that were implemented by
European powers? Substantiate your answer.
European powers took over land by force and then settled European people on the
land. The conquered land then became known as a colony. Imperialism is a policy of
extending a country's power and influence through colonisation, use of military force,
or other means. +
Colonialism did not cause racism, but it helped to reinforce the belief that Europeans
were the dominant race and therefore superior and that other races were
subordinate and therefore inferior.
On the other hand, colonialism provided opportunities for people of different races,
religions and cultures to meet, live and work together. The result of this has been an
exchange of ideas, technology and traditions.
Europe, in particular Britain, was able to industrialise because of raw materials
obtained from colonies and because colonies provided markets for manufactured
goods. Slavery did not start because of colonialism; slavery has always existed.
However, European powers were able to exploit their colonies and increase their
wealth by using slave labour or very cheap indigenous labour.
6. How does the legacy of apartheid remain a structural element in
postcolonial South Africa?
The legacy of apartheid is a legacy of inequality—economic inequality, social
inequality, and political inequality—and especially the unequal evolution of South
Africa's political culture.
These racial categories are derived from the insidious system used by the South
African government under apartheid to classify people by race. Irrespective of the
merits or demerits of such categories as an empirical matter, South Africans of
every race continue to use similar classifications in their daily lives (e.g.,
distinguishing between black and “Coloured” people; see Gibson & Gouws, 2000).
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