Exam (elaborations)

PYC4802 EXAM PACK.

0 purchase

Course
PYC4802 - Psychopathology

Institution
University Of South Africa

PYC4802 EXAM PACK. 100% CORRECT questions, answers, workings and explanations. for assistance. PYC4802 A complete Summary of Theme 02 - 05 & ALL Exam Questions (2018/2019) THEME 02 Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders 1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – *Duration more than 1 month...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 53 pages

View example

Uploaded on July 8, 2023
Number of pages 53
Written in 2022/2023
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

pyc4802 exam pack

LOVELY01 Member since 3 year 968 documents sold

PYC4802
EXAM
PACK.

,PYC4802
A complete Summary of Theme 02 - 05 & ALL Exam
Questions (2018/2019)

THEME 02
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – *Duration more than 1 month
2. Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) – *Duration 3 days up to 1 month (ASD
often develops into PTSD)

1. Discuss the AETIOLOGY (Causative Factors) of PTSD. Make a
brief reference to the DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA of PTSD according to
the DSM 5 (25) *(in exam):

1. Intro:
- PTSD is a disorder characterized by flashbacks, hypervigilance and
avoidance symptoms that last for more than 1 month after exposure to
extreme trauma.
- PTSD is the one disorder where the aetiology is known: a traumatic
event is experienced.
- However, the development of PTSD involves a complex interaction
between bio-psycho-social factors.

2. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD:

Note: The following criteria apply to adults, adolescents, and children
older than 6 years.

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual
violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1.Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
2.Witnessing in person the event(s) as it occurred to others.
3.Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member
or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member
or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
4.Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the
traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police
officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
Note: Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media,
television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related.

B. Presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms
associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic
event(s) occurred:
1.Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the
traumatic events.
Note: In children older than 6 years’ repetitive play may occur in which
themes or aspects of the traumatic event(s) are expressed

1

,2.Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or effect of the
dream are related to the traumatic event(s).
Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable
content.
3. Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or
acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring. (Such reactions may
occur on a continuum, with the most extreme expression being a
complete loss of awareness of present surroundings.)
Note: In children, trauma-specific re-enactment may occur in play.
4.Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or
external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic
event(s).
5. Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that
symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic events.

C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic
event(s),beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by
one or both of the following:
1. Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or
feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
2. Avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places,
conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing
memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the
traumatic event(s).

D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the
traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s)
occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
1. Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s)
(typically due to dissociative amnesia and not to other factors such as
head injury, alcohol or drugs).
2. Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about
oneself, others, or the world (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted”,
“The world is completely dangerous”, “My whole nervous system is
permanently ruined”).
3. Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the
traumatic event(s) that lead the individual to blame himself/herself or
others.
4. Persistent negative emotional state (e.g., fear, horror, anger, guilt or
shame).
5. Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
6. Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
7. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to
experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings).

E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the
traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s)
occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
1. Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation)

2

, typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or
objects.
2. Reckless or self-destructive behavior.
3. Hypervigilance.
4. Exaggerated startle response.
5. Problems with concentration.
6. Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless
sleep).

F. Duration of the disturbance (Criteria B, C, D, and E) is more than 1
month.

G. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment
in social occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

H. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of
a substance (e.g., medication, alcohol) or another medical condition.

Specify whether:
With dissociative symptoms: The individual’s symptoms meet the
criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, and in addition, in response to
the
stressor, the individual experiences persistent or recurrent symptoms of
either of the following:
1. Depersonalization: Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling
detached from, as if one were an outside observer of, one’s mental
processes or body (e.g., feeling as though one were in a dream; feeling a
sense of unreality of self or body or of time moving slowly.)
2. Derealization: Persistent or recurrent experiences of unreality of
surroundings (e.g., the world around the individual is experienced as
unreal, dreamlike, distant, or distorted.)

Note: To use this subtype, the dissociative symptoms must not be
attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., blackouts,
behavior during alcohol intoxication) or another medical condition (e.g.,
complex partial seizures).

Specify if:
With delayed expression: If the full diagnostic criteria are not met until
at least 6 months after the event (although the onset and expression of
some symptoms may be immediate).”

3. AETIOLOGY of PTSD:

3.1 BIOLOGICAL:
3.1.1) Nervous system:
- Many individuals who develop PTSD have a nervous system that is
abnormally reactive to fear and stress.
3.1.2) Heightened Amygdala:

3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying this summary from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LOVELY01. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy this summary for R49,34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

69252 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 15 years now

Start selling

Exam (elaborations)

PYC4802 EXAM PACK.

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview