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Summary Basics of the Computer
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This short 9 page pdf offers basics in the computer where topics like bytes, bits, processing, secondary storage, and the parts of the computer are discussed in detail.

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  • July 11, 2023
  • 9
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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Environment for Computing (Computer Science & Programming Basics):




Computer: A device that receives data and automatically generates an output after

processing it in some way. Note that "computing" and "calculating" are very comparable.

An example of ‘computing’ is what you are doing now! You are computing when you are

editing something on your phone like a photo or video, or when you are streaming a

movie on Netflix.




**N.B.** To remember: Input - Processing - Output




Bytes & Bits:




A bit, often known as a "binary digit," is a unit of measurement that has two potential

values: 0 or 1. Computers use bits to store information and conduct calculations.

Computers can store a lot of data using just two values by encoding digital data as a

lengthy string of bits, each having a value of 0 or 1. To change the data that the computer

has stored, computers may also conduct mathematical operations on bits. Only the

numbers 0 and 1 may be stored in a single bit.




Additionally, bytes can be combined into bigger data units.




Sequences of 0s and 1s are the fundamental building blocks of all computer data,

even the biggest data units.

, A computer may store information about whether a value is true or false in the form of a

single bit, such as whether a phone or laptop is now charging. There are enough potential

combinations to express characters with a byte (8 bits). A single letter can be represented

by one byte. See table below:




Memory Unit Abbreviation Size in Bytes


Bytes B 1 byte or 8 bits


Kilobyte KB 1024 B or bytes (about bytes)


Megabyte MB 1024 KB or bytes (about bytes)


Gigabyte GB 1024 MB or bytes (about bytes)


Terabyte TB 1024 GB or bytes (about bytes)


Petabyte PB 1024 TB or bytes (about bytes)




Processing:




The computational process, which entails converting inputs into outputs, is likely to entail

carrying out a sequence of computations in the form of an algorithm.

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