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Summary Graad 10 lewens opsommings

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Kwartaal 1-4 (Kwartaal 1-4)

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  • July 27, 2023
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OPGESOM DEUR ANNUSCKE




LEWENSWETENSKAPPE
GRAAD 10

KWARTAAL 1-4

, OPGESOM DEUR ANNUSCKE




DI E CHEMIE VAN LEWE

• Lewende organismes is van anorganiese en organiese verbindings
• die natuurlike omgewing afhanklik as lewegewende
hulpbronmateriale
• selle, weefsels, organe en liggaamsvorms te bou en in stand te
hou.

MOLEKULES - ANORGANIESE EN ORGANIESE VERBINDINGS

→ Materiebestaan uit atome van die elemente.
→ Atome word deur chemiese bindings verbind om molekules te vorm.


→ ’nMolekule is enige chemiese struktuur wat bestaan uit atome wat
deur bindings aanmekaar gehou word. → ’n Verbinding is ’n chemiese
stof wat bestaan uit atome van twee of meer elemente.
Materie best aan uit organiese en nie-organiese stowwe
→ Allelewende en nie-lewende materiaal bestaan uit organiese en
anorganiese stowwe.
→ Anorganiese en organiese verbindings kom voor as mineraalelemente
(soute) en molekules; tafelsout is NaCl, ’n kombinasie van natrium (Na)
en chloried (Cl).

ANORGANIESE VERBINDINGS

→ Anorganiese verbindings word deur natuurlike geofisiese
prosesse in die omgewing gemaak. → Hulle vorm in lewende
organismes as deel van metabolisme, in metaboliese reaksies.
→ Byvoorbeeld : water, koolstofdioksied, suurstof en swaeldioksiedgas, en
natriumchloried (tafelsout).

WATER

, OPGESOM DEUR ANNUSCKE



Water (H2O) is ’n anorganiese, natuurlike en metaboliese verbinding
wat bestaan uit molekulêre partikels met waterstof- en suurstofatome in
’n verhouding van 2 : 1.
WATER WORD GEBRUIK :

→ Om stowwe op te los (oplosmiddel).
→ Om stowwe in die eksterne en interne
omgewings te vervoer. → As ’n stof
(medium) waarin chemiese reaksies kan
plaasvind. → Om temperatuur te beheer.

MINERAALELEMENTE VIR DIERE EN MENSE


→ Mineraalelemente(minerale) is anorganies en kom natuurlik as soute in
die eksterne omgewing voor.
→ Die wat in groot hoeveelhede deur organismes benodig word, is
makromineraalelemente, en die wat in klein hoeveelhede benodig
word, is mikromineraal- of spoorelemente.
→ Die mineraalelemente wat mense en diere nodig het, word meestal as
soute (ione) opgeneem uit die kos wat geëet en water wat in hulle dieet
gedrink word.
→ Diemakromineraalelemente wat mense nodig het, is natrium (Na),
kalium (K), kalsium (Ca) en fosfor (P).


MAKRO- EN MIKRO MINERAA LELEMENTE WAT MENSE BENODIG




makro micro
protiene vitamine



vette minerale


koolhidrate

, OPGESOM DEUR ANNUSCKE




Mikro-elemente Funksies Gebreksiektes


Produseer hemoglobien.

Anemie.

Yster (Fe) Deel van ensiemfunksie.

Lusteloosheid.

Energieproduksie.

Hipotiroïdisme.
→ →
Produseer die hormoon Goiter (kropgeswel).

Jodium (I) tiroksien. Kretinisme(miksedeem).

Hou metabolisme in →
stand. Verstandelike
.

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