,Television Narrative
Television narratives
Are changing
Old rules no longer apply
o Were defined by television structure in relation to films
Television: connectivity
- Unifies media + home
- Replace by numerous media technologies > laptops
Traditional television audiences
Collective family viewing
Access to events as they happen
o ‘liveness’
Intimacy
Viewers tune in at broadcast times
Television
- Episodic + serial
- Transient
- Often derivative
- Emphasizes a lack of narrative closure
- Narratives are smaller in scale + scope
Realist not epic
- Domestic
- Analysing television
As a medium > flow + segmentation
Audiences
‘Liveness’
Genres
Narrative
Flow
Scheduling + serial nature of texts
Characteristics of TV + audience’s experience
Segmentation/fragmentation
Individual shows broken by ads/short texts
Groups of texts vs. Unique/individual texts
Repetitious + routine
- Content
Domestic concerns + commodities
Privileges character over plot + familiarity over difference/escapist fantasy
Intertextual + self-referential
2
, Commercial + educational concerns
Immediacy + reality > “reality genres”
- Style
Dialogue driven > sound dominates picture in TV
Predominance of close-ups + interior/staged settings
Direct address > acknowledge + involve audience
Conversational/informal tone
- The role of television
Express cultural consensus + concerns
Naturalise the culture’s dominant value system
Celebrate/showcase/interrogate/justify the actions of cultural representatives
Public figures
Celebrities
Politicians
Reinforce + question societies ways of dealing with conflict
Transmit a feeling of socio-cultural citizenship + involvement
Extend range + reach of the viewer’s experience + sphere of moral concern
Enrich our understanding of the world + global issues
As our theoretical ideas about television develop, the medium also rapidly changes
- Television focuses on close groupings or relationships that become substitute families
Narrative complexity
- Definition
Redefinition of episodic forms under the influence of serial narration
Distinct narrational mode
Predicated on specific facets of storytelling
Challenging the norms of what the medium can do
- Narrative confronts television style
- Foregrounds ongoing stories across a range of genres
- Widens the scope of serialisation beyond the traditional model of the soap opera
- Influences
Convergence of film + TV aesthetics > rise in critical reception of television narrative
drama
Changes in TV programming away from syndication
Changes in technology > viewing platforms
Difference between humour and comedy
- Comedy = genre
- Humour = element of any text/incident
- Comedy =
The representation of an ignoble act that invokes disgust
This manifests as some form of unjustified good fortune/inappropriate behaviour
This doesn’t cause the viewer discomfort > recognised as a form of ridiculous
3
, - Forms of comedy
Wit
Wordplay
Cultural references
“aristocratic aspect” of comedy (Frank Muir)
Slapstick
Action induces laughter
Humour
Observation of everyday life + people
- Humour as
Immanent
Psychological theories > humour is a reversal or destabilization of a state of
equilibrium which is then restored
Negotiated
Social theory where humour is contextualized + must be
encoded/decoded/interpreted/misinterpreted + reliant on social contexts +
permissions
- Comedy
Comedy is about class
Often upper classes are the object of scorn + humorous contempt
Characters are stuck with one another
Main characters
Represent broad aspects of social personalities
Often contrasting aspects
Respond mechanically to stimulus from plot
4
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