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HST1010S Exam Notes: Summary of all content
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- University Of Cape Town (UCT)
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The Making of the World: Atlantic andIndian Ocean First Encounters
Atlantic Ocean
Convergence
Society
Culture
Economics
Politics
Previous ideas
Small world
Religious perspectives
Exploration
Options wide by 15th century
Cartography improved
o Maps
Improved naval capabilities
Important to European development
Colonial empires
Trade and commerce
Cultural diversification
Black Atlantic
Slave trade and diaspora
o Diaspora=the dispersion of any people from their original homeland
Early trade from Portugal and Spain
o Kongo and West Africa
Part of Atlantic Triangle
Indian Ocean
Exchange
Trade
Cultural/social ideas
Humans
Trade interest
Spice trade
Silk trade
o Silk Road – China to Rome
Emporiums
Part of trading practises
, Collectives of merchants in major cities
Trust between social/cultural groups
o Only traded amoungst themselves
o Had to gain trust to trade
Link to Islamic power
Christian/European entry difficult
Monsoons
Predictable weather season
o Wind direction important
Aided/abetted trade
China
Dominated from 15th century
More powerful than contemporary Europe
Self-sufficient
Large naval and economic power
Why China didn’t dominate trade
Cut down expansionist policies
o New emporer
o Focused on internal matters
o Expansion not traditional
Internal conflict
,Columbus
Chronology
1488
o Dias rounds the Cape
1492
o Columbus arrives in North America
1519-1521
o Magellan circumnavigates the world
Aims
Reach China and India to establish trade links
Avoid competition from Europe
Return Spain to glory
o Dark Ages
o Black Death
o War with the Moors
Greed for gold, prestige and fame
Discovery was accidental
Was trying to find india
First impressions
Unsure of natives
Simplistic communities
1st voyage
crew arrived at an island in the Bahamas that he named San Salvador, believing he
had reached the Indies
proceeded onward and landed in Cuba
Return to Spain
Influential discoveries
Over-emphasized idealism of natives
Columbus on second trip sends many men to the Caribbean
o Colonized the area
o Made the Indians there bring them gold every 3 months or else
o Pretty much all of them died
Spanish brutality
Disease
Couldn’t work on crops
Had to get gold
Found America on third trip
Realized it wasn’t Asia
, The Columbian Exchange
Pre-dated Atlantic Triangle
15-16th centuries
Early exchange
Culture
o Indian culture seen as “primitive” and barbaric
o Typical western attitude
Food & crops
o Indians became more pastoral
Kept livestock
Livestock carry disease
o Europeans took pototoes and corn back
Helped sove european hunger
Illness
o Examples
Smallpox
Malaria
Syphilis
o Natives hadnt built up immunity to the european diseases
o These had catastrophic consequences for natives
Killed so many allowoing european domination
Cash crop growth
Cash crops
o Tobacco
o Sugar
o Coffee
o Tea
Enforced need for slaves
These crops helped so
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