DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING BLOCKS THE BUILDING BUILDING BLOCKS DEVELOPING A
STRATEGIC OF STRATEGIC BLOCKS OF OF STRATEGIC STRATEGIC
MANAGEMENT AS PLANNING STRATEGY CONTROL MANAGEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
A MANAGEMENT
APPROACH
Study unit 1.1 Study unit 2.1 Study unit 3.1 Study unit 4.1 Study unit 5.1
Development of Strategic Direction Strategy Strategic Control Developing a
Strategic Implementation Methodologies and Strategic
Management as a Approaches Management plan
Management
Approach
Study unit 1.2 Study unit 2.2 Study unit 3.2
Importance of Internal Short-term Objectives,
Strategic Environmental Functional Tactics and
Management Analysis Policies
Contemporary Strategy Selection Organisational Culture
Business
Environment
Study unit 3.5
Reward Systems
Study unit 3.6
Resource Allocation
Study unit 3.7
Organisational
Architecture, Systems
and Processes
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TOPIC 1: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A MANAGEMENT
APPROACH.
STUDY UNIT 1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A MANAGEMENT
APPROACH
1. Development of Strategic Management over the years.
• Definition:
(1) a plan designed to achieve a particular long-term aim,
(2) the art of planning and directing military activity in a war or a battle.
• Original meaning to lead the army – military or political connection.
• Until 20th century a way of thinking about survival and of achieving success through
leadership, mostly in war and sometimes politics.
• Late 19th century – Industrial Revolution – required little strategy.
• New type of organisation – invested in manufacturing and marketing – had management
hierarchies to coordinate functions.
• First need for strategic thinking
2. From business policy to classical planning school.
• 1950 Strategic Management taught in Harvard Business School
• All organisations should have a clearly defined set of goals to keep moving in a deliberate
chosen direction and preventing it from drifting in undesired directions.
• 1960s – Focussed on matching the organisations strengths and weaknesses
(distinctive competencies) with opportunities and threads in the marketplace.
• The idea of competitive thinking immerged.
• Four categories of common thread in a business – product/ mission matrix and growth vectors.
• Strategic planning introduced by Chandler in the allocation of resources in achieving the long
• term goals.
• Classical School – Strategy is a deliberate, rational process where organisations were efficient
and rational resource-allocating mechanisms.
• 1970s – strategy-as-planning also called classical planning school
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