The basis problem of society is about scarcity and its choice.
In economics, the concept of scarcity drives decision-making and resource allocation, as individuals, businesses, and governments must choose how to use limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants.
Supply and demand are fundamental concepts in economics that describe how the price and quantity of
goods or services are determined in a market.
Supply: This refers to the quantity of a product or service that producers are willing and able to offer
for sale at various prices over a certain period. Typically, the supply curve slopes upward, indicating that
as the price increases, producers are willing to supply more of the product.
Demand: This represents the quantity of a product or service that consumers are willing and able to
purchase at various prices over a certain period. Usually, the demand curve slopes downward, indicating
that as the price increases, consumers are willing to buy less of the product.
The interaction between supply and demand leads to the equilibrium price and quantity. Here's how it
works:
If the demand for a product exceeds its supply, prices tend to rise until equilibrium is reached.
This signals to producers that they can profit by supplying more, causing the quantity supplied to
increase.
If the supply of a product exceeds its demand, prices tend to fall until equilibrium is reached.
This encourages consumers to buy more, leading to an increase in the quantity demanded.
The equilibrium price and quantity occur where the supply and demand curves intersect. Changes in
factors like consumer preferences, input costs, government regulations, or technology can shift these
curves, leading to changes in prices and quantities.
Understanding supply and demand helps economists and businesses make decisions about pricing,
production, and resource allocation in a market economy.
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