Class notes

CTB 8: anaphylaxis: a cardiovascular-respiratory problem

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Course
Cardiovascular and thoracic biology

Institution
Imperial College London (ICL)

Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, cardiovascular and thoracic biology (CTB) module. CTB 8 on anaphylaxis: a not uncommon allergic, potentially life-threatening condition that involves both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. learning object...

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Uploaded on September 26, 2023
Number of pages 3
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Duncan rogers
Contains All classes

cardiovascular
thoracic
cardiothoracic
anaphylaxis
allergic
respiratory
inflammation
immune response
antigen
immunoglobulin
immunology
anaphylactic
adrenaline
drugs
lipid

Institution
Imperial College London (ICL)
Education Unknown
Course
Cardiovascular and thoracic biology

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Cardiovascular and Thoracic biology Imperial College London

R 1.712,35 R 1.011,79 9 items

1. Class notes - Ctb 10: step into the future
2. Class notes - Ctb 8: anaphylaxis: a cardiovascular-respiratory problem
3. Class notes - Ctb 2: mechanical and electrical properties of the heart
4. Class notes - Cbt 4:blood pressure and flow
5. Class notes - Ctb 6: cell biology of the respiratory tract
6. Class notes - Cbt 7: cell biology of the cardiovascular system
7. Class notes - Ctb 5: assessing performance of the cardiopulmonary system
8. Class notes - Ctb 3: ventilation and gas transport
9. Class notes - Ctb 9: respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
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Anaphylaxis: cardiovascular-respiratory pb
- anaphylaxis/ anaphylactic ‘shock’: life-threatening allergic reaction
=> often young people & females
=> 50-200 episodes per 100,000 person-years
=> lifetime prevalence of 0.05-2% (% of individuals at some pt in their life)
=> up to 1500 deaths per year in the USA
=> rates are increasing: 3-fold increase 1994-2004 in adults & 5-fold increase in children

What is anaphylaxis?
- 4 signs of acute inflammation (by Celsus): - rubor (redness): vasodilation
- calor (heat): vasodilation
from post-capillary venules
- tumor (swelling): plasma exudation into tissues
- dolor (pain): activated sensory nerves
- 5th sign (by Galen): loss/ disturbance of function
- anaphylaxis features:
=> rapid onset (~10-30min)
=> swelling (urticaria/ angio-oedema)
=> itching & tingling (picotements) of the skin (pruritus)
=> reddening (erythema): red rashes (éruption cutanée)
=> rhinitis (runny nose), conjunctivitis (runny eyes)
=> nausea, abdominal pain...
=> breathing difficulty (laryngeal oedema, airway constriction)
=> hypotension => fainting, dizziness...
=> tachycardia
- treatment: injections of adrenaline (epinephrine) => Epipen

Inducers of anaphylaxis
- antigen/ allergen: ‘innocuous’ protein/ chemical that triggers anaphylaxis reaction
=> food (especially children): nuts, milk, eggs, soya, blue cheese...
=> venom: bees/ wasps stings
=> drugs (especially old people): muscle relaxants (anaesthetics), antibiotics (penicillin), non-
steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin

(also latex, hair dye...)

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