Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, cardiovascular and thoracic biology (CTB) module.
Lecture 9 on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases: investigate what happens when homeostatic processes break down, thereby leading to disease. We will be looking at...
, => release of growth factors: fibroblasts activation
=> laying down of connective tissue, basement membrane thickening, smooth muscle
hypertrophy, increased number of goblet cells...
NO bronchiolar fibrosis !
- treatment: bronchodilators (prevent bronchoconstriction), anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids
(inhibit transcription of inflammatory mediators)
=> effective if compliance to treatment (except for ‘severe’ asthma)
COPD
- clinical features: shortness of breath (fibrosis), cough, sputum, poor quality of life (all constant)
=> can’t breath out quickly => can’t exercise, laugh...
=> caused by inhalation of noxious materials (tobacco, cooking/ heating/ lighting, pollution...)
=> 3 processes: - chronic bronchitis: damaged lung airways (bronchi inflammation) => mucus
hypersecretion => cough + cough up sputum (mucus)
increase alveolar
- emphysema: damaged lung tissue (alveoli broken down => holes in lungs => air
dead space =>
gets trapped => can’t exhale down normally)
higher pulmonary
- small airways disease (chronic bronchiolitis): fibrosis of the bronchioli => lungs
ventilation
can’t take up O2 => heart has to work harder
lat not lot
of sputum ,
a
of
sputum
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