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Summary Physics & Chemistry IEB Definitions

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All Physics and Chemistry definitions sourced directly from the SAGS document. These definitions are exactly what the IEB expects in the final exams. These definitions are also worded exactly as they will be on the marker's memo. Scientific symbols are also given where applicable.

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  • September 18, 2017
  • 8
  • 2017/2018
  • Summary

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Physical​ ​Sciences
Definitions
Physics:


Term Definition Symbol

Vector A​ ​physical​ ​quantity​ ​that​ ​has​ ​both​ ​magnitude​ ​and​ ​direction
such​ ​as​ ​acceleration.

Scalar A​ ​physical​ ​quantity​ ​that​ ​has​ ​magnitude​ ​only​ ​such​ ​as
distance.

Resultant​ ​Vector The​ ​single​ ​vector​ ​which​ ​has​ ​the​ ​same​ ​effect​ ​as​ ​the​ ​original
vectors​ ​acting​ ​together.

Distance Length​ ​of​ ​path​ ​travelled​ ​(scalar).



Displacement A​ ​change​ ​in​ ​position​ ​(vector). s

Speed The​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​change​ ​of​ ​distance​ ​(scalar).

Velocity The​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​displacement​ ​(vector). v

Acceleration The​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​change​ ​of​ ​velocity. a



Weight The​ ​gravitational​ ​force​ ​the​ ​Earth​ ​exerts​ ​on​ ​any​ ​object​ ​on w​ ​or​ ​F​g
or​ ​near​ ​its​ ​surface.

Normal​ ​force The​ ​perpendicular​ ​force​ ​exerted​ ​by​ ​a​ ​surface​ ​on​ ​an​ ​object F​N
in​ ​contact​ ​with​ ​it.

Frictional​ ​force The​ ​force​ ​that​ ​opposes​ ​the​ ​motion​ ​of​ ​an​ ​object​ ​and​ ​acts f​ ​or​ ​F​f
(due​ ​to​ ​a parallel​ ​to​ ​the​ ​surface​ ​with​ ​which​ ​the​ ​object​ ​is​ ​in​ ​contact​ ​.
surface)



Newton’s​ ​first An​ ​object​ ​continues​ ​in​ ​a​ ​state​ ​of​ ​rest​ ​or​ ​uniform​ ​velocity
law unless​ ​it​ ​is​ ​acted​ ​upon​ ​by​ ​a​ ​net​ ​or​ ​resultant​ ​force.

, Inertia The​ ​property​ ​of​ ​an​ ​object​ ​which​ ​causes​ ​it​ ​to​ ​resist​ ​a
change​ ​in​ ​its​ ​state​ ​of​ ​rest​ ​or​ ​uniform​ ​motion.

Newton’s When​ ​a​ ​net​ ​force​ ​is​ ​applied​ ​to​ ​an​ ​object​ ​of​ ​mass,​ ​it
second​ ​law accelerates​ ​in​ ​the​ ​direction​ ​of​ ​the​ ​net​ ​force.​ ​The
acceleration​ ​is​ ​directly​ ​proportional​ ​to​ ​the​ ​net​ ​force​ ​and
inversely​ ​proportional​ ​to​ ​the​ ​mass.

Newton’s​ ​third When​ ​object​ ​A​ ​exerts​ ​a​ ​force​ ​on​ ​object​ ​B,​ ​object​ ​B
law simultaneously​ ​exerts​ ​an​ ​oppositely​ ​directed​ ​force​ ​of​ ​equal
magnitude​ ​on​ ​object​ ​A.

Coulomb’s​ ​law The​ ​force​ ​between​ ​two​ ​charges​ ​is​ ​directly​ ​proportional​ ​to
the​ ​product​ ​of​ ​the​ ​charges​ ​and​ ​indirectly​ ​proportional​ ​to
the​ ​square​ ​of​ ​the​ ​distance​ ​between​ ​the​ ​charges.

Electric​ ​field A​ ​region​ ​of​ ​space​ ​in​ ​which​ ​an​ ​electric​ ​charge​ ​experiences
a​ ​force.

Magnitude​ ​of The​ ​force​ ​per​ ​unit​ ​positive​ ​charge. E
electric​ ​field
(strength)

Newton’s​ ​law​ ​of Every​ ​particle​ ​in​ ​the​ ​universe​ ​attracts​ ​every​ ​other​ ​particle
Universal with​ ​a​ ​force​ ​that​ ​is​ ​directly​ ​proportional​ ​to​ ​the​ ​product​ ​of
Gravitation their​ ​masses​ ​and​ ​inversely​ ​proportional​ ​to​ ​the​ ​square​ ​of
the​ ​distance​ ​between​ ​them.



Potential The​ ​work​ ​done​ ​per​ ​unit​ ​positive​ ​charge. V
difference

Current The​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​flow​ ​of​ ​charge. I

Ohm’s​ ​law Current​ ​through​ ​a​ ​conductor​ ​is​ ​directly​ ​proportional​ ​to​ ​the
potential​ ​difference​ ​across​ ​the​ ​conductor​ ​at​ ​constant
temperature.

Resistance A​ ​material’s​ ​opposition​ ​to​ ​the​ ​flow​ ​of​ ​electric​ ​current. R

EMF The​ ​total​ ​energy​ ​supplied​ ​per​ ​coulomb​ ​of​ ​charge​ ​in​ ​a​ ​cell.



Magnetic​ ​flux The​ ​product​ ​of​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​turns​ ​on​ ​the​ ​coil​ ​and​ ​the​ ​flux
through​ ​the​ ​coil.

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