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Class notes Physics ( Entropy )
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PHYSICS PET-2023ENTROPY
The factors that can affect the change in entropy of a system include:
HEAT TRANSFER:
1. Heat transfer from, or to, a heat reservoir at constant temperature.
A heat reservoir is a constant temperature heat source or sink. Because the
temperature is uniform, there is no heat transfer across a finite temperature
difference and the heat exchange is reversible.
2. Heat transfer between two heat reservoirs at different temperature.
The entropy change of the two reservoirs in Figure is the sum of the entropy
change of each. If the high temperature reservoir is at TH and the low
temperature reservoir is at TL, the total entropy change is.
Example.
PAGE |1
, PHYSICS PET-2023
TEMPERATURE:
The temperature of the system can also have a significant effect on the entropy change. In
general, an increase in temperature will increase the entropy of the system, as the molecules
in the system become more disordered and have a greater number of possible states.
PHASE CHANGES:
The entropy of a system increases when it undergoes a phase change from a solid to a liquid
or from a liquid to a gas. This is because the increase in randomness and disorder in the
system leads to an increase in entropy.
MIXING OF SUBSTANCES:
When two substances with different properties are mixed, their particles become more
randomly distributed, and this leads to an increase in entropy.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
The entropy of a system can increase or decrease during a chemical reaction, depending on
the nature of the reaction. For example, the entropy increases during the combustion of a fuel
because the products have a greater number of moles of gas than the reactants. For example,
if the system undergoes a chemical reaction, the entropy change of the system will depend on
the changes in entropy associated with the reaction products and reactants.
PRESSURE AND VOLUME CHANGES:
The entropy of a system can change during processes that involve changes in pressure or
volume, such as isobaric or isothermal processes. The change in entropy depends on the
specific details of the process, as described by the equations governing the thermodynamic
behavior of the system.
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