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ICT2621 Structured System Analysis and Design Q&A Summary R65,00
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ICT2621 Structured System Analysis and Design Q&A Summary
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Unlock the secrets of Systems Analysis and Design with our comprehensive guide covering chapters 1 to 12. Dive into the fascinating world of Information Technology and understand its profound impact on society. Equip yourself with knowledge that not only enhances your understanding but also open...

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  • October 5, 2023
  • 49
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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Systems Analysis and Systems Design
Chapter 1 Introduction to System Analysis and
Design: Questions and Answers
1) What is information technology and why is it important to society?
- Information technology (IT) refers to the software,hardware and the services that
people use to manage,communicate and share information, So why is it important?
Well information can be used to increase productivity, deliver quality products and
services, maintain customer quality, and make sound decisions.
2) What are the 5 main components of an Information system?
- Hardware,Software,data,processes and people
3) Explain how rideshare businesses like Uber are disrupting traditional taxicab
business models.
- I would say the main reason is via accessing an Uber vs a traditional taxi. If a
person has access to any smart device and an internet connection you can hail an
Uber according to your preferences, while to hail a taxi is a process that must be
done IRL vs the ease of online access.
4) Describe the business profile of a home improvement store like Home Depot.
- First a business profile is a : definition of a business overall functions, processes ,
organisations, products, services,customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints and
future direction, by this definition → The overall functions of Home depot, provide
home improvement material to customers, example of processes: buyInventory,
makeSale, reOrder, makeReturn. A few products offered: wood 2x4, nails, hammers,
screws, lightBulbs, fans. Etc.
5) What are the 7 types of information systems?
- Transaction Processing Systems, Management Information System, Decision
support Systems, Knowledge management system, Expert System, Executive
Information System, Enterprise Resource Planning .
6) What types of information do the four organisational levels common to many
businesses need?
- The four organisational levels being: Top Managers > Middle Managers &
Knowledge workers > Supervisors and Team leaders > Operational Employees. Top
Managers create long-range plans called strategic plans which define the company
overall mission and goals therefore the info needed is “How much must the company
invest in IT?”, “How much will Internet sales grow in 5 years” etc. Middle Managers
provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors
and team leaders. Middle managers focus on shorter term decisions; they require
more detailed information but not as detailed as supervisors. Knowledge workers
provide support for the organisation’s basic functions. Supervisors are often called
Team leaders, oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day functions.
They require decision-support information, knowledge-management systems and
user-productivity systems to carry out their responsibilities. Operational Employees

, include users who need transaction-processing systems to enter and receive data
they need to perform their job.
7) Compare 3 systems development methods.
- The 3 methods are structured Analysis, OOA, Agile methods.
First- Structured Analysis represents the system in terms of data and the processes
that act upon that data. System development is organised into phases, with
deliverables and milestones to measure progress. The WaterFall model typically
consists of five phases: requirements,design,construction,testing and maintenance &
evolution. Iteration is possible among the phases. Typical modelling tools: Data
Flow diagrams(DFD) and process descriptions which are described in chapter 5,
Business process modelling. Pros: Traditional method that has been very popular
over time. Relies heavily on written documentation. Frequent phase iteration can
provide flexibility compared to other methods. Well-suited to traditional project
management tools and techniques.
Cons: Changes can be costly especially in later phases. Requirements are defined
early and can change during development. Users may not be able to describe their
needs until they can see examples of features and functions.

Second- OOA views the system in terms of objects that combine data and
processes. The objects represent actual people,things,transactions and events.
Compared to structured analysis,O-O phases tend to be more interactive. Can use
the WaterFall model or a model that stresses greater iteration. Modelling Tools:
Various object oriented diagrams depict system actors, methods and messages,
which are described in chapter 6. Also business process modelling. Pros: Integrates
easily with object oriented languages. Code is modular and reusable, which can
reduce cost and development time. Easy to maintain and expand since new objects
can be created using inherited properties. Cons: Somewhat newer methods might be
unfamiliar to development team members. Interaction of objects and classes can be
complex in larger systems.

Third- Agile methods Stresses team based effort. Breaks development into
cycles/iterations that add functionality. Each cycle is designed, built and tested in an
ongoing process.Attempts to reduce major risks by incremental steps in short time
intervals. Modelling tools: Tools that enhance communication, such as collaborative
software, brainstorming and whiteboards. Business process modelling works well
with agile methods. Pros: Very flexible and efficient in dealing with change. Stresses
team interaction and reflects a set of community-based values. Frequent deliverables
constantly validate the project and reduce risk. Cons: Team members need a high
level of communication and technical skills. Lack of structure and documentation can
introduce risk factors. Overall project might be subject to scope change as user
requirements change.

8) Name the tools that enable the system analyst to develop, manage, and
maintain large scale information systems.
- All systems development methods must be supported by tools, these tools go by
different names, Application lifecycle management(ALM) also called Product
lifecycle management(PLM); Integrated Development Environments(IDE);
Computer aided systems engineering(CASE). Tools make it easier to build an

, information system thereby boosting IT productivity and improving the quality of the
finished product. After developing a model, many CASE tools can generate code
which speeds the implementation process.
9) Summarise the 7 main functions of the IT department.
- Application development:Teams consisting of users, managers, and IT staff develop
the systems themselves. Systems Support and Security: Provides vital protection
and maintenance services for system hardware and software, including enterprise
computing systems, networks, transaction processing systems and corporate IT
infrastructure. User Support: Provides users with technical information, training and
productivity support. Usually called a help desk. Database Administration: Involves
data design, management, security, backup and access. Network Administration:
Business operators depend on networks that enable company-wide information
systems. Includes hardware and software maintenance, support and security,
manage user access, installing,configuring, managing, monitoring and maintaining
network applications. Web Support: Specialists design and construct web pages,
monitor traffic, manage hardware and software, and link web-based applications to
the company’s information systems. Reliable, high-quality web support is especially
critical for companies engaged in e-commerce. Quality Assurance: Responsible for
reviewing and testing all applications and systems changes to verify specifications
and software quality standards. Directly reports to IT management.
10) What are the roles and responsibilities of a systems analyst in modern
business?
- System analysts help develop IT systems that support business requirements.
- They must act as translators, for programmers, for managers, for users, etc.
- The analyst builds a series of models, diagrams, and decisions tables and uses
other descriptive tools and techniques.
- Must be efficient in presentation skills, models and communication methods.
- Listen and send feedback to users.
- Needs technical knowledge, oral and written communication skills, an underlying
understanding of business operations and critical thinking skills.




Discussion Topics:
1) Some experts believe that the growth of e-commerce will cause states and
local governments to lose tax revenue, unless Internet transactions are subject
to sales tax. Provide one argument for and one against this.
- Tax is paid on transactions not on the location, irrelevant whether or not the sale
occurs online, it's still a sale and should be taxed. - Why should anyone be taxed for
an online transaction when there is no government entity involved?

, Chapter 2 Analysing the business Case: Questions and
Answers:

1) Why should a systems analyst be concerned with strategic planning?
- Firstly, Strategic Planning -> The process of identifying long-term organisational goals,
strategies, and resources. Second, what does a System analyst do? → A system analyst
is a valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain
critical information systems.


- From this we can extrapolate, A Strategic Plan focuses on the far horizon → The IT
Team must deliver resources to support the firm's long term strategic goals →
Therefore , IT managers and Systems Analyst must understand and participate in long
term strategic planning.


2) List the 4 factors involved in a SWOT analysis.
- Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats.


3) List 5 questions the business case should answer.
- First, the business case refers to the reasons, or justification for a proposal. (Not
related to but similar to a marriage proposal), (You in Comp sci → You do not know
what marriage is 😂)
- Some questions it should answer:
- Why are we doing this (I ask myself this all the time) project?
- What is this project about?
- How does this solution address key business issues?
- How much will it cost and how long will it take?
- Will we suffer a productivity loss during the transaction?

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