Summary
Biology OCR A-Level Biological Molecules Summary
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A Handwritten Summary of all A* content needed for the Biological Molecules unit of A-Level OCR Biology.
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*Water
:
H- -H ,
forms polar hydrogen bonds
High boiling cohesive Solvent Stable
·
point
·
>
Less dense as a Solid Adhesive Coolant Capillary action
-
Carbohydrates :
Saccharides made of
only Carbon ,
CH 28H,
hydrogen and oxygen
GH28H
Glucose hexose monosaccharide B Glucose -
OH
-
: -
W↓
Glucose :
·
↓ W :
Ad
' -
~br
~
I ridH I~
dr dr
condensation Reaction :
GH28H GH28H
-~
-
-~ -
i
CH20H CH20H W -
GH28H GH28H br
H
-
rid o rid i
S
0 ↑ S
O
+ H20
- -
GH28H
-~Wbr X- -
F~
-
" X-qH~
W W - 0
CH2
joh
I
+
I
I
I
1 qH- - + H20 ↓H ↓H
rid-
A
I S
ridH 9
-
-~dr
-
S
W
rid
o
0H
~br
↓
· S H
I
o glycosidic bond
HO I S H
di rid o
I
S
1,6
I
↓H ↓H I
I
;
I
,
↓H ↓H
& Glucose +
↓ Glucose 1,
4-Glycosidic bond
Starch Chemical
·
energy store of glucose
:
Amylose Straight :
chain helix of 1 ,4
glycosidic bonds :
Compact ,
insoluble
>
Amylopectin 1 ,4
glycosidic bond glucose chain with branches joined by bonds
:
,
·Glycogen :
more
heavilybranched than
amylopectin so is more compact
Cellulose :
B
glucose polysaccharide -> cannot coil or branch
↳ make
hydrogen bonds with eachother creating microfibrils which form macrofibrics
↳
Very strong and insoluble
alycerol fatty acids
Lipids
" "
3
P
fats and oils
--OH
Ho-c-cHa
made of Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
:
,
, o
HO- " -
cH3 ->
t
Triglycerides HO-c-cH3
or
and three
glycerol
- u
One
fatty acids
· :
-
Saturated Noc=cbonds :
unsaturated :
Causes the chain to bend .
->
Cant
pacu together
CH 200
Phospholipid head
·
Coo
< hydrophilic phosphate hydrophobic fattyacid tails
:
no
- ,
Sterols 4
·
Carbon
hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
ring complex alcohols with
:
↳ Cholesterol
regulates membrane fluidity
ie .
·
Roles of lipids membrane formation Hormone production Electrical insulation
: · ·
Thermal insulation
Cushioning/protection buoyancy
·
. .
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