Summary
OCR Biology A-Level Osmoregulation Summary
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Handwritten Notes detailing all the necessary A* content for Osmoregulation in OCR A-Level Biology.
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Maintenance of bodyOsmoregulation the
optimum water
potential in the
:
Change in water levels Detected by the hypothalamus Negative feedback coordinated
:
->
ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) :
Released from the pituitary gland triggers the production of CAMP
↳ cAmp Acts :
as a
secondary messenger causing a cascade of events :
:
Vesicles fuse in contact with
lining the collecting duct
with the cell surface membrane
the tissue fluid of the medulla
2 .
These vesicle membranes contain
aquaporins (water channels), making the membrane
more
permeable to water
3 .
Water can move out of the tubule cels bacu into the blood capillaries
↳ The more ADH released the ,
more water is reabsorbed
Urine
testing
:
·
hCG is
present in the urine of pregnant women
monoclonal antibodies Antibodies from :
a
single done of cens that
target specific chemicals
41 .
A mouse is
injected with hch so it produces the correct antibodies
2 The B-ceus removed from and fused with
myeloma Ccancer cell
.
are the a
spleen
newly formed
The
hybridoma divides
3
rapidly to produce monoclonal antibodies
.
Pregnancy Test :
1 .
The wich is soaked in urine
2
The hea bind antibodies forming
Urine will to the
nculantibody
.
in the a complex
.
3
These antibodies are also attached to a small coloured bead
4
Urine carries complex
along window
.
the to the test
5 Immobilised monoclonal antibodies will attach to the HCG antibody complex
only
.
↳ coloured line is shown
6 Coloured antibodies hCG will continue to a second line shows the test is
without
working
. ->
and alcohol urine
Drug testing Drug metabolites
pass through the
Lidneys into
:
:monoclonal antibodies will indicate
drug presence
↳was mromatography/massspectrometers
can confirm i set
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