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OCR A-Level Biology Kidney Summary R69,93   Add to cart

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OCR A-Level Biology Kidney Summary

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Handwritten Notes detailing all the necessary A* content for Kidneys in OCR A-Level Biology.

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  • October 10, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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Indication of
Lidney failure protein :
in the urine-basement
membrane/podocytes are
damaged
Blood in the filtration is not
Urine
working properly
->




hidney failure Electrolyte up of toxins high blood pressure
Effects of imbalance build
:


, , ,




weakened bones (calcium balance) joint pain and stiffness (protein build up) anaemia
, ,




Glomerular filtration rate Muscle breakdown produces creatine levels -> low GAR
creative
high
:

,




Treating hidney failure :

Renau
dialysis or
hidney transplant
Haemodialysis :




:Blood leaves the patient's body and enters a
dialysis machine,
flowing between two membranes
↳ These mimic the basement membrane added
->
Heparin is to prevent clotting
2 .
The dialysis fluid outside these membranes contains normal
plasma levels of mineral ions
·
It contains urine leaves the blood
practically
no vrea so all

3
Ideal
electrolyte balance is restored
.




↳ .
Bubbles are removed before blood is returned via a vein

Peritoneal Dialysis Dialysis fluid and
enters the
body via a Catheter occurs across the peritoneal
:




drained off
membrone over several hours conc
dialysis fluid then be
a .
can



Kidney transplant Chance of rejection and 9-10 year lifespan ->
immunosupressants
:




Transplant vs .


Dialysis :



-

Dialysis :
transplant :


·
more
expensive
·
Requires a donor
·
more restrictions ·


Immunocompromised
taves time
·




long
a

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