Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Coordination(2) Summary
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Handwritten Notes detailing all the necessary A* content for Coordination in OCR A-Level Biology.
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chemoreceptors Detect chemical change :ie .
PH
↳ Carotid and medulla
the aorta ,
artery
in
Baro receptors Detect blood pressure
changes in
:
↳ in the aorta and carotid
artery
Parasympathetic neurones :
Secrete acetylcholine
s binds to SAN to reduce impulses sent to
the heart heat rate decreases
Secrete noradrenaline binds to SAN
Sympathetic to
-
neurones :
increase impulses sent to
the heart sheart rate increases
Cardiac Muscle
faintly striated involuntary contract at an intermediate speed myogenic
:
, , ,
Joined
by intercalated disks sallow electrical transmission
-
fibers are mi-nucleated
Involuntary Non-stricted contract/fatigue
involuntary no regular arrangement
muscle :
, , , slow to
Fibers are
spindle shaped
·
uni-nucleated
Neurogenic ,
stricted Stricted
voluntary regularly arranged contract/fatigue
Skeletal muscle
:
, , , quick to
-
Fibers are tubular and multinucleated
Skeletal muscles formed from bundles of fibers membrace
·
are Muscle in a Sarcolemma
formed from individual
fusing together
a
muscle ceus
very strong
·
·
Parts of the Sarcolemma fold inwards (transverse tubules) to
spread electrical imprises
·
Sarcoplasm contains lots of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic refictum and calcium ions
energy
Myofibrils Long cylindrical organelles made of protein filaments
:
·
Actin :
Thin filament -> two twisted strands
↳
Tropomyosin protein blocks actin-myosin binding sites
Troponin proteins bond to actin tropomyosin and calcium ions
·
,
myosin This filament long rod-shaped fibers
:
↳ have bind and A TP
hinged globular heads to to actin
↳ Can move backwards and forwards
light bands Areas where actin and myosin do not overlap (I-bands)
:
Dark bands :
Areas where actin and myosin overlap (A-bands)
H-zone :
lighter area within the dau band as
only myosin is present
z-line line between
light bands/individual sarcomeres
:
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