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Summary - Transport Planning and Investment (TRL3702)
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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ZAMKHITHA KANDIYEZASTUDENT NUMBER: 61870579
TRL3702
ASSIGNMENT 2
Unique Number: 680365
TRANSPORT PLANNING AND INVESTMENT
Question 1
Funding non-tolled roads in South Africa through government budgets, taxation, and levies
has profound implications for the country's infrastructure development. The primary
opportunity lies in promoting equitable access to transportation infrastructure. Unlike tolled
roads that burden users with direct charges, non-tolled roads are freely accessible to all
citizens, regardless of their income level. This inclusive approach ensures that even families
in rural areas with limited financial resources can access essential services like healthcare,
education, and markets, thereby improving their quality of life and socioeconomic participation.
Moreover, this funding strategy fosters resource redistribution. Government budgets allocate
funds for constructing and maintaining non-tolled roads, benefitting poor communities that lack
the means to support infrastructure development. A tangible example can be seen in the
transformation of disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods, where government-funded road
upgrades not only enhance transportation but also raise property values and attract
businesses, potentially leading to job creation and economic growth.
In addition, non-tolled roads contribute significantly to regional economic development by
improving connectivity and accessibility. For instance, the construction of non-tolled roads can
make previously remote industrial zones more accessible, enabling businesses to transport
goods more efficiently, lower transportation costs, and expand their market reach, ultimately
stimulating economic activity and job opportunities.
However, this funding method also presents challenges, notably the strain on government
finances. Investing in infrastructure requires substantial resources, potentially diverting funds
from other essential public services like healthcare and education. Ensuring efficient and
transparent fund allocation becomes critical to balance these competing priorities and mitigate
the risk of misallocation or resource inefficiency.
, Question 2
The funding of tolled roads has been a contentious issue in South Africa, primarily due to the
challenges and concerns associated with this financing approach. One key reason for the
government's desire to review the approach to toll roads is the significant public resistance it
has faced. This resistance is rooted in several factors.
Firstly, the public often perceives toll roads as an additional financial burden, as they are
required to pay toll fees on top of other taxes, such as fuel levies and vehicle license fees.
This can lead to the perception that they are double paying for the construction and
maintenance of roads.
Secondly, the implementation of toll roads has often been met with poor planning and
transparency. Lack of consultation and information sharing with the public has resulted in a
lack of trust in the government's decision-making process. Many citizens were taken by
surprise when toll gantries suddenly appeared, leading to a sense of unfairness and a lack of
public buy-in
Lastly, the "user pays" principle, which justifies toll roads, has been met with scepticism. While
the government argues that only road users should bear the cost, citizens counter that road
infrastructure benefits the entire country, not just those who use tolled routes. There is also
concern about the practicality and fairness of enforcing tolls, especially when it comes to non-
compliance and cloned number plates.
Considering these factors and the strong public resistance, the government may want to
review its approach to toll roads to find a more equitable and acceptable means of funding
road infrastructure, one that addresses the concerns of the public and ensures transparency
and fairness in the process.
Question 3
The funding available and the funding methods used by national, provincial, and local
government spheres in the provision of road infrastructure in South Africa differ significantly.
At the national level, the government typically relies on a combination of sources, including
general taxation and fuel levies. National funding is essential for major national highways and
strategic road networks connecting different provinces and facilitating the movement of goods
and people across the country. These projects often require substantial capital investment,
and the funds are allocated through the national budget.
Provincial governments also play a crucial role in road infrastructure development, particularly
for roads within their respective provinces. They receive funding from the national government,
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