Summary
Summary Chapter 13 Personality
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Detailed summary of Chapter 13: Personality, in Michael Gazzaniga's 'Pscyhological Science' fifth edition.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Summary Notes of the Fundamental Concepts of Cognitive Development
-
Summary Introduction To Psychological Theories
-
Book summary Introduction to Psychological Theories Chapter 3, 8, 10, 12, 14 & 15
5 reviews
By: dany-54 • 3 year ago
By: rmeneses19 • 4 year ago
By: gleefuldaisy • 4 year ago
By: tessaj107 • 5 year ago
By: pontusvdb • 5 year ago
Seller
Followreneeguinee
Reviews received
Content preview
Introduction to psychologyChapter 13: Personality
13.1 Where Does Personality Come From?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Summarize the results of twin studies and adoption studies as those results pertain
to personality.
Understand the role of specific genes in personality.
Identify distinct temperaments.
Review research assessing personality traits among nonhuman animals.
Personality: a person’s characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors.
Personality Trait: a pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively
consistent over time and across situations.
Personality Is Rooted in Genetics
Genetics play an important role in personality traits.
Numerous twin studies have subsequently found that genetic influence accounts for
approximately half the variance (40-60%) between individuals for all personality
traits.
Adoption Studies
Siblings differ due to different environments.
Siblings’ personalities slowly grow apart as their initial differences become magnified
through their interactions with the world.
Parenting style has much less impact than has long been assumed however parents
play an important role in selecting the environments that shape their children’s
personalities.
Are There Specific Genes for Personality?
Genes predispose us to have certain personality traits.
, Personality characteristics are influenced by multiple genes, which interact with the
environment to produce general dispositions.
Adding in epigenetic changes that result from interactions with the environment
makes it more difficult to identify the influence of any specific gene.
- Some traits, such as novelty seeking, have been linked to a gene associated
with dopamine levels, and emotional stability has been linked to a gene
associated with serotonin levels.
Temperaments Are Evident in Infancy
Temperaments: biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways.
Represent innate biological structure and are more stable
Evident in early childhood and have long term implications for adult behavior
Three basic characteristics:
- Activity Level: overall amount of energy and of behavior a person
exhibits.
- Emotionality: the intensity of emotional reactions.
- Sociability: the general tendency to affiliate with others.
Temperament differences between girls and boys:
- Girls are more able to control attention and resist their impulses.
- Boys are more active and gain more pleasure form physical activity.
There Are Long-Term Implications of Temperaments
Childhood temperaments can predict adult personality traits.
Newborns that react to new situations or strange objects by becoming startled and
distressed often become shy and inhibited people later in life (amygdala, emotional
responses, involved in shyness)
Personality is Adaptive
Personality traits that facilitate survival and reproduction are adaptive.
Individual differences in personality within a group may be advantageous to the
group’s survival.
Animal Personalities
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller reneeguinee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R58,87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76462 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now