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  3. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
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  5. Advanced Programming (X_400561)

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Advanced Programming FULL summary

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  • Course
  • Advanced Programming (X_400561)
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)

Hey there! Prepping for the Java exam at VU Amsterdam? I've got you covered! I've summarized everything from this year's completely overhauled course, capturing all the crucial info from the slides. Whether you're refreshing old concepts or grappling with the new stuff, this guide is your ticket t...

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Document information

  • October 17, 2023
  • 30
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • advanced programming
  • data structures
  • exceptions

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Business Analytics
  • Advanced Programming (X_400561)
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Advanced Programming Summary

X 400561
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

2023

,Contents
1 Modifiers 4
1.1 Illustrative Example: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Interfaces 6
2.1 What is an Interface? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Implementing an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Benefits and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Exceptions 8
3.1 What is an Exception? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.1 Statement Groups and Semantics: . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.2 Example with Factorial Calculation: . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Catching Exceptions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.1 Syntax for try-catch: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Throwing Upwards: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 Developer and User Errors: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 Generic Types and ArrayList 10
4.1 Generic Types: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 ArrayList: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.1 Key Methods: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.2 ArrayList with Primitive Types: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5 Sets: 12
5.1 Definition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2 Key Differences from ArrayLists: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 Set Interface Methods: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.4 Additional Notes: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.5 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

6 Linked Lists: 14
6.1 Definition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2 Key Points: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.3 Inner Classes: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.4 Additional Notes: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1

,7 Maps: 16
7.1 Definition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.2 Usage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.3 Key Characteristics of Maps: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.4 Map Functionality: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.5 Warnings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

8 Inheritance: 18
8.1 Definition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2 Purpose: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.3 Key Concepts: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.4 Example: Bikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.5 Super Keyword: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.6 Key Takeaways: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.7 Additional Insights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.8 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

9 Java Object & Cloneable 21
9.1 The Object Class: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.2 Key Insights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.3 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

10 Enums (Enumerations) 22
10.1 Key Features of Enums: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.2 For-each Loops: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

11 Multi-Threading 25
11.1 Simulation as a Use Case for Multi-Threading: . . . . . . . . . 25
11.2 Java’s Approach to Multi-Threading: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.3 Runnable Interface: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.4 Creating Multiple Threads: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.5 Benefits of Multi-Threading: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
11.6 Challenges: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

12 VarArgs and Command Line Arguments 27
12.1 VarArgs (Variable Arguments): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
12.2 Command Line Arguments: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
12.3 Command Line Arguments for Dynamic Behavior: . . . . . . . 27


2

, 12.4 Conclusion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

13 Unit Testing 29
13.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29




3

, 1 Modifiers
In Java, modifiers are keywords added to class, method, or variable definitions
to change their meanings. They play a pivotal role in adjusting the behaviour
and visibility of various elements like fields, classes, methods, and variables.
Broadly, modifiers can be categorised into two groups:

• Access Modifiers: Such as public and private, which control the
visibility of classes, methods, and variables.

• Non-Access Modifiers: Like final and static, which provide other
functionalities.

When a variable is designated as final, it means that once a value is
assigned to it, it cannot be altered. This immutability ensures data consis-
tency and integrity. It’s essential to assign a value to a final variable either
directly or via the constructor.

1.1 Illustrative Example:
For instance, consider a class Individual where the yearOfBirth is marked
as final. Once an Individual object is created with a specific birth year, it
cannot be changed.
1 class Individual {
2 final int yearOfBirth ;
3 Individual ( int yearOfBirth ) {
4 this . yearOfBirth = yearOfBirth ;
5 }
6 }

Listing 1: Final variable example in Java
In the advanced programming landscape, terms like public, static, and
final hold special significance. Specifically:

• public ensures universal accessibility.

• static indicates the element belongs to the class rather than any in-
stance.

• final denotes immutability.


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