ENG1514:
APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE FOR FOUNDATION PHASE FIRST
ADDITIONAL
October/November 2023
100 marks
Duration: 48 hours
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, ENG1514
October/November 2023
SECTION A: Integrated Content and Text-Based Questions
Read Text A and answer the questions set.
TEXT A
MANNERS MATTER
PARA.1 The Collins Dictionary defines 'Etiquette'* as: 'The customs or rules
governing behaviour regarded as correct or acceptable in social or official life'. This is
related to how people behave in a particular group or in a specific setting. When you
show consideration for others, you display good manners. For example, speaking to
other people sitting at the dinner table at a party is good manners. Writing a message
or email to the hosts of the dinner party the next day, expressing your gratitude for
being invited, is polite. This would most likely lead to you being invited to their next
dinner party.
PARA.2 Good manners have their origins in ancient history. For instance, it may be
seen as hygienic to cover your mouth when yawning. However, centuries ago the act
of yawning was believed to be the soul leaving one's body, allowing evil spirits to
enter. The belief was that covering the mouth kept the soul inside the body. The habit
of saying 'Bless you' when someone sneezes dates back to the time of Pope Gregory
the First. He commanded that anyone who sneezed should be blessed in case they
had contracted the plague, which was a deadly disease at that time.
PARA.3 Manners are often used as a means to judge people. For example, in
Western culture, one is judged by the way one uses one's cutlery at the dinner table.
However, there are some cultures that use their hands to eat their food. In most
African cultures, a child is expected to address adults with a certain level of formality,
regardless of their relationship with them. Not using a title when addressing adults is
considered to be highly insulting, yet in some cultures it is acceptable to address an
adult by his or her first name. It is also a sign of respect not to look an elder in the eye
but this may not necessarily be so in other cultures. In Kenya and Nigeria, when
greeting a person, it is the norm to ask about their general well-being. Skipping this
part is considered very poor manners. In some cultures, presenting a gift to someone
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