Question 1
The levels of management include top level management which oversees and has the overall
responsibility for the entire organisation and makes long-term decision such as setting the vision
,goals and objectives on behalf of the entire organisation. They are responsible for strategic
management. Middle management has the responsibility for specific departments .Each department
has its own manager that implements and enforces policies ,plans and strategies and they also
enforce plans or strategies set out by top level management and medium term plans .Lower level
management is responsible for the subsections and the teams that work within the specific
department and they apply rules and procedures in hopes of achieving high levels of productivity
and good staff morale and they are responsible for short term planning.
Managers are required to have conceptual skills in which they oversee and view the operations of
the organisation entirely and know to solve problems. Interpersonal skills are in needed in a
manager where they must be able to communicate and work effectively with others and give clear
communications to employees in terms of their roles and responsibilities .Managers must have
technical skills which is based on using specific skills and knowledge to solve and complete a
particular task or project.
Managers in south Africa face issues such as the management training for large and small business
organizations. As organizations differ in sizes ,they all need to have skilled management to enable
good organizational performance and not all organizations have this and this can be acquired
through management training .International management is a challenge for managers and they
have a need to improve the performance of South African organizations in order to achieve a
competitive advantage that is sustainable within this competitive market .Managers are facing a
challenge with Non-profit organisations putting a big demand on scarce resources , management’s
challenge with these organizations is in ensuring that the resources are used effectively and
efficiently. Managerial and Economic empowerment is another challenge that is faced as managers
have to ensures that disadvantaged people receive managerial and economic empowerment
through management training and mentorship and other opportunites. Cultural diversity is a
challenge for management as there are different races ,religions and gender etc and management
has to try to manage and use the potential of diverse workforce and harness it.
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