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Samenvatting algemene anatomie
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Samenvatting van algemene e anatomie met de te kennen tekeningen.
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Algemene begrippenH1| Inleiding
Menselijk lichaam opgebouwd uit verschillende stelsels
• Systema sceletale en musculorum: bewegings- of locomotorisch apparaat
• Systema respiratorium: ademhalingsstelsel
• Systema digestorium: spijsverteringsstelsel
• Systema nervosum: zenuwstelsel
• Systema urogenitale: uitscheidings- en voortplantingsstelsel
• Organa sensum: zintuigen
1.1 Anatomische positie
= referentiepositie → assen, vlakken, richtingen en bewegingen worden hierop geënt
1
,1.2 Hoofdassen
3x translatie → kan enkel passief (bv geen vinger verlengen)
3x rotatie → enkel dit kunnen wij uitvoeren, actief
∑6
↳ D.O.F = Degrees of freedom → vrijheidsgraden
2
,1.3 Hoofdvlakken
• 2 hoofdassen met elkaar combineren → hoofdvlakken
o Frontaal vlak
▪ Longitudinale as
▪ Frontale as
o Sagittale vlak
▪ Longitudinale as
▪ Sagittale as
o Transversale vlak
▪ Frontale as
▪ Sagittale as
3
, 1.4 Richtingen
↑ = craniaal / superior
↓ = caudaal / interior
↗ = dorsaal / posterior
dorsoventraal
↙ = ventraal / anterior
←→ = lateraal
laterolateraal
→← = medial
Uitzonderingen
• Voor ledematen: proximaal en distaal
• Voor onderarm: ulnair en radiaal
• Voor onderbeen: tibiaal en fibulair
• Voor handen: palmair en dorsaal, ulnair en radiaal
• Voor voeten: plantair en dorsaal
• Externus = uitwendig
• Internus = inweding
• Superficialis = oppervlakkig
• Profundus = diep gelegen
• Retro = achter
• Homolateraal = linkerkant, linker arm
• Heterolateraal = rechterkant, linker arm
• Infra = onder
• Supra = op
4
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