MIP2602
EXAM PACK
2023
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
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Question 1:
1.1
1.1.1 A Stem-and-leaf plot
The most frequent method for showing numerical data, especially discrete data, is the
stem-and-leaf diagram. It can be used with data sets of all sizes, no matter how big or
tiny.
1.1.2 A Bar chart
The best way to visualise data that can be divided into various categories is with a bar
graph. It works well for comparing data from multiple categories or groups, such as
population data from different countries or sales data from various product categories.
1.1.3 Pie chart
Pie charts are the ideal for showing categorical data, especially when comparing the
percentages of various categories or the components of a whole. This kind of chart is
aesthetically effective for portraying data that may be categorised into various groups
and where it's crucial to comprehend the connections between those groups.
1.1.4 Scatter plot
Continuous numerical data:
The relationship between two continuous numerical variables is frequently represented
using scatter plots, such as when comparing a person's age to their blood pressure values.
Discrete numerical data:
Scatter plots can also be used to illustrate the relationship between two discrete
numerical variables, such as when comparing study time to test results.
1.1.5 Line graph
Time series data:
When displaying data that changes over time, such as the daily temperature over a
month or the stock prices over a year, line graphs are frequently employed.
Continuous numerical data:
Line graphs can also be used to illustrate the relationship between two continuous
numerical variables, such as when comparing the average income of various cities with
their population densities.
1.1.6 A histogram
Continuous numerical data:
The distribution of continuous numerical data, such as charting the heights of individuals
within a population, is most frequently represented via histograms.
Notably, discrete numerical data can also be represented using histograms by dividing
the values into bins and displaying the frequency of each bin.
1.1.7 Box-and-whisker plot
For summarising and visualising numerical data, particularly distributions of continuous
variables, a box-and-whisker plot works best. It enables for the display of any outliers as
well as the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum values of the data.
When comparing data between groups or categories, this type of visualisation is quite
helpful.
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1.2
• The bar graph shows data in a more accurate manner. Since values are measured
using a numerical scale, comparisons across various categories or groups can be
made with more accuracy. The pictograph, in contrast, makes use of symbols or
images, which can be arbitrary and less exact.
• The bar graph can display a wider variety of data. In contrast to the pictograph,
which may be constrained by the number of symbols or images available, it can
depict any number of data points.
• The bar graph can depict a wider range of data types than other forms of graphs.
It can show comparative or categorical data, as well as continuous or discrete
data. On the other hand, the pictogram works best with categorical data, such
the number of objects in various categories.
• The bar graph makes it simpler to understand the data. Particularly for people who
might not be familiar with the exact symbols or images used in the pictograph, the
graph's clear and uncomplicated bars make it simpler to understand and analyse
the data.
1.3
When attempting to depict the relationship between two continuous variables, scatter
plot graphs should be used.
1.4
Pie charts:
Pie charts are excellent for illustrating how something is divided up into several pieces or
groups. They are helpful for presenting data that only has a few categories, usually no
more than six or seven.
Pie charts are frequently used in corporate presentations or reports to show budget
allocations, market share of various competitors, or the proportion of various product kinds
in a sales mix.
Pie charts are suitable for showing how a whole is distributed into categories, whereas bar
charts are suitable for contrasting various categories or groupings. The specific data and
the intended message must be considered when choosing the type of chart to utilise.
Bar charts:
When you wish to compare various categories or groupings, bar charts are preferred.
They can handle a greater number of categories than pie charts and are ideal for
displaying data that includes separate categories.
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