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EDT 201K - The Young Child and Learning - Exam papers and answers
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
EDT 201K - The Young Child and Learning - Exam papers and answers
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EDT201K – MAY/JUNE EXAM 2017Question 1:
1.1 Discuss thinking as a mode of learning and name its modalities:
Thinking is when the child seeks solutions through ordering. Thinking as a
mode of learning is accompanied by a great deal of exertion. The child uses
language as a means of thinking. The young child’s way of thinking is based
on manipulating of objects and on imagining. Thinking can take place at
different levels for example logically and ordered as opposed to chaotic and
disorganized.
The modalities of thinking are:
Its aimed at problem solving
It orders
It abstracts
It is conceptual
1.2 Define the concept play:
Play is an integral part of the young child’s life world. He is learning while he
is playing and play can be seen as child’s work and is the cornerstone of
learning. During play reality starts acquiring meaning and the child
establishes new realities for himself. Exploration is the heart of young child’s
play and is significant for his learning. Through play children learn about
themselves and learn to be self-disciplined and independent. They become
aware of the people around them. They also learn problem-solving skills.
1.3 Play opportunities culminate in certain types of learning. Describe
these types of learning:
Conversation:
This helps the child to acquire his language. He controls reality through his
mastery of language. He asks questions and starts naming – reality becomes
meaningful to the child.
Imitation:
Children like to imitate adults. Through imitation the child is able to
experience success as well as the disappointment of failure. The child’s
imitation is more of a fantasy creation rather than reality so it does not pose
a threat to him. Imitation offers the child the opportunity to learn and
achieve.
Fantasy:
During fantasy play the child creates images of reality and anticipates the
future, even if it is unrealistic. It is a spontaneous learning act.
Activity:
Imitation spontaneously progresses to activity. It is often not productive but
the child takes it seriously. He is producing, experimenting and creating that
bears resemblance to something he is familiar with. The child feels a sense of
achievement and of being “grown up”.
Repetition:
, When an adult and child spend time together, one notices that certain types
of situations repeatedly occur. E.g. the adult will draw his attention to table
manners, cleanliness etc and this orientates the child towards reality. A child
learns from repetitive behaviours. Achievements such as skill and judgement
are refined through repetition.
Question 2:
2.1 Name and explain the 8 areas of intelligence as distinguished by
Howard Gardner:
1. Linguistic intelligence: The ability to speak and write well
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence: The ability to reason, calculate and
handle logical reasoning.
3. Visual spatial intelligence: The ability to paint
4. Body-kinaesthetic intelligence: The ability to use one’s hands or body
5. Musical intelligence: The ability to compose songs, sing and play
instruments
6. Interpersonal intelligence: “Social intelligence” – The ability to relate well
to others
7. Intrapersonal intelligence: The ability to access inner feelings
8. Naturalist intelligence: Natural ability to see patterns in nature and work
as a naturalist
2.2 Name the 6 pathways to the brain and factors to be considered
regarding learning:
1. Sight
2. Hearing
3. Touch
4. Taste
5. Smell
6. Movement (kinesthetically)
Factors to be considered:
- Children learn by doing
- Enriched environments are important for initial learning
- Infants learn by play and exploration
- Learning must be fun
- Movement is vital for coordination and therefore learning
Question 3:
3.1. Define the concept perception and describe the five various types of
perception:
Perception is the meaning the brain gives to information it receives through the
sensory organs. The brain uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the
surrounding stimuli registered by the senses.
1. Vision: Is the least developed at birth
2. Hearing: Is functional before birth. At first the middle ear is filled with
amniotic fluid but as soon as it has dried up, the baby can respond to sound
, 3. Smell: The olfactory sense appears at about 14 weeks of gestation and is
well developed at birth, but should be developed further by means of
stimulation.
4. Taste: Taste buds are mature long before birth and a new-born can
discriminate the four basic tastes (sweet, sour, bitter, salty)
5. Touch: It is the first sense to develop after conception. The sense of touch is
important for the young child’s emotional development.
3.2 List the hints that are given as guidelines for a stimulating learning
environment:
1. Step by step movement is very important
2. Use your common sense
3. Build on all the senses
4. Use the whole world as your classroom
5. Practice the art of communication
6. Remember parents are the first teachers
7. Involve parents
3.3 Name the 3 parts of the brain:
1. The forebrain (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus)
2. The midbrain (tectum, tegmentum)
3. The hindbrain (cerebellum, pons, medulla)
Question 4:
4.1 Define the perceptual motor skills:
4.1.1. Visual comprehension: The brain’s ability to form concepts after the eyes
have
seen something. It is a pre-requisite for abstract thinking and problem-
solving.
4.1.2. Auditory discrimination: The ability to distinguish between different
sounds on the
grounds of their quality and intensity.
4.1.3. Body awareness: The ability to distinguish between different parts of the
body
and their functions.
4.1.4. Dominance: Is preference given to one side of the body. Either the left or
the
right side will be dominant.
4.1.5. Gross motor movements: Refers to the effective use of the whole body,
either
individually or together. E.g. Running, catching, balancing
4.2 Explain 3 factors that play a role in identifying the learning styles:
1. How do you take in information? Visually, kinesthetically or auditively
2. How do you organize and process information? Do you use the left side or
right
side of the brain?
3. Which circumstances are needed to store or process information?
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