DVA2601
EXAM PACK
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May/June 2023
DVA2601
PROJECTS AND PRORAMMES AS INSTRUMENTS OF
DEVELOPMENT
100 Marks
Duration 4 Hours
FIRST EXAMINERS: DR B DUBE, MR MS MOHAUTSE
SECOND EXAMINER: DR LR MOLOI
This paper consists of four (4) pages.
Instructions:
This is a portfolio examination conducted on the myExams platform. As this is an open-
book examination, you must use your study guide and prescribed reading material (articles,
e-reserves, marked assignments and feedback). You may also consult and integrate
material from additional sources into your essays.
DVA2601 MAY/JUNE EXAM 2023
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This module is using the Invigilator app. Your exam QR & access code is embedded above.
Alternatively, an instruction document with the same QR & access code is accessible on
myExams under ‘Additional Resources’ tab. Please read the instructions below on how to
use the Invigilator app during this exam.
• You should scan the QR Code as soon as you have downloaded your question paper
during the 15-minute download window before the official exam start time as per the
timetable.
• Please take note that you can only scan the QR Code for a limited time after the
commencement time of the assessment and it should therefore be scanned as soon as
possible to start the invigilation.
• Please take note that you can only scan the QR Code once. Make sure you are ready to
start the assessment when you scan the QR Code.
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assessment as the invigilation time in the app could exceed the time allocated to
complete your assessment.
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allowed to leave or minimise the application.
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end of the assessment. No internet connection is required during the assessment.
• If you experience technical difficulties on The Invigilator App, contact the technical
helpdesk via WhatsApp on 073 505 8273.
Follow the guidelines in Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301 for essay writing, citation and
referencing. You must provide evidence-based arguments and acknowledge the sources of
your information by means of consistent and correct in-text citations. Direct quotations
must be placed in inverted commas (“…”) with a page reference as explained in Tutorial
Letter DVAALLD/301. All sources cited in your text should also be listed in the list of
references at the end of each answer.
Plagiarism will be severely penalised. Your essays must be your own work, in your own
words. Group work will be equally penalised as will any form of copying from any student,
internet, printed sources, or any attempt to commit academic dishonesty. No hand-written
exam answer scripts will be accepted. No scanned-in exam answer scripts will be accepted.
Only submit word-processed, correctly PDF-converted scripts. Any unacceptable formats or
corrupted exam answer files will not be marked.
It's important to note that you are no longer required to complete and submit the honour
pledge forms. The system has been enabled to request you to confirm your academic
honesty pledge by clicking on the pledge before submitting your answer scripts.
You have 4 hours in which to submit your portfolio on myExams.
The exam paper consists of four questions, and you are required to answer any TWO of the
questions.
Each essay should be between a minimum of 1500 and a maximum of 2 000 words (3-4
pages), excluding the cover page, table of contents, and list of references. YOUR ANSWER
MUST NOT EXCEED THE WORD COUNT. Use Arial 12 point, 1.5 spacing and indicate the
word count at the end of each essay. Your answer to both questions must be submitted as a
single document in PDF format. Each answer must have an introduction, a body with
applicable sub-headings, a conclusion, and a list of references.
Create a cover page with the following information:
• Your full name; Your student number; The module code; The date of the exam; And,
• List the two questions you answered (for example, Question 2 and Question 3)
DVA2601 MAY/JUNE EXAM 2023
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Question 1
Taking into consideration the relationship between programs and projects, and the different
planning models that can be used to effect solutions, discuss how a province can effectively
plan and implement a program to address Sustainable Development Goal 2 on zero hunger.
In your essay, discuss the following:
• The difference between a program and a project and their interdependence.
• Substantiated examples of projects that the province can prioritize to end hunger, achieve food
security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable development.
• Various planning methods that can be employed and their advantages and disadvantages.
• Recommendations for effectively planning and rolling out the program.
Readings:
• Study guide: units 1 and 2
• E-reserves: Hart (2005); Lane (2005); Kumar (2002), Nel (2001), Ika (2012)
[50 MARKS]
Question 2
Critically evaluate the opportunities and challenges faced by communities when
participating in the monitoring and evaluation of government projects.
Readings: Chambers (2007); Cornwall (2003); Iddi (2018); Kananura (2017); Study Guide, Unit 5
[50 MARKS]
Question 3
Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of indigenous knowledge as a source of information
for development projects, considering issues such as accuracy, reliability, and validity.
Readings: Study unit 3, Apusigah (2011); Nnadozie (2021)
[50 MARKS]
Question 4
This question consists of 5 short questions, and you must do all five. Each question counts
10 marks. Please number the questions according to the same number as in the question.
You do not have to write an introduction or conclusion. However, you must acknowledge the
source of your information by means of consistent and correct in-text citations. Maximum
number of words: 1500.
Please find a three-paragraph case study that showcases community development projects
in Africa where both blueprint and participatory approaches are used. After reading the case
study, please answer the questions that follow.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Question 4 Case Study
In many parts of Africa, community development projects often involve conducting environmental
impact assessments (EIAs) to evaluate the potential effects of the project on the environment.
These assessments play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable and environmentally responsible
development practices.
One example of such a project is the construction of a hydroelectric power plant in a rural
community in Ghana. The project aimed to provide clean and renewable energy to the community,
but it also raised concerns about the potential impact on the local ecosystem and water resources.
DVA2601 MAY/JUNE EXAM 2023
