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Summary Development Notes
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- 10th Grade
Geography Term 3: Development notes for grade 10 . Everything has been listed from Focus: Geography Grade 10
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Geography NotesWhat to Study:
▪ Chapter 1 : page196[Unit 1 and 2 *Activity 4* page 198-200]
▪ Chapter 2:page201[Unit 3,4,5 *Terminology* page 201-203]
▪ Chapter 3: page 205[Unit 8 and 9 page 205-207]
▪ Chapter 4: page 209[Unit 10 and 11 page 221,224-226
▪ Page 229-230
Chapter 1:
Unit 1: World population distribution and population density
• Population geography: the study of the size, distribution, composition, migration and
growth of a population.
• Demography: deals with the statistics of a human population, such as the size,
development and structure of these populations.
1.1 The world's population density:
• Population density is the number of people relative to the space that they occupy.
•
Calculation: Total Population divided by the area they live in. We express this as the
number of people/km2.
•
The higher a country’s population density, the more crowded that country is.
1.2 The world’s population distribution
• The world’s population is not evenly spread across earth.
, • About half the world’s total population lives only on the 5% of Earth’s land.
• In addition, about 60% of the world’s population lives on the one continent, Asia.
• Even within a country, certain places have lots of people, and other parts have few
people.
Unit 2: Factors that affect the distribution and density of the world’s population.
• Geographers use the word ecumene [Parts of the earth that is suitable to live in] to
describe parts of Earth that are suitable for the permanent human settlement.
• Nonecumene [parts of earth that are not suitable for people to live in] are places that are
not suitable for humans to live in.
2.1 Why people live where they do
• Some countries have large populations, while others have small populations.
• Also, millions of people live in certain areas, while other places have almost no people.
• There are several reasons for this for this:
Physical factors: linked to the natural Social factors: linked to humans
environment.
• Climate: A suitable climate for the • Economy: Places with large,
large human settlement is too developed economies attract
cold, too wet or too dry. people and can support large
• Water: Settlements need a populations.
reliable source of water. • Politics: Most people prefer to live
• Relief: Large human settlements in places with a stable political
usually develop on flat land, rather system.
than in mountainous areas. • Cultural or social factors: Some
• Natural environment: Polar areas, places have a very old tradition of
deserts and forests are not human settlements.
suitable for large human • Transport and communication: A
settlement. However natural good system of transport and
harbours are good for settlements communication attracts people to
on the coast. an area.
• Resources: Settlements usually • Infrastructure: Areas with a good
develop where there are enough infrastructure, such as water
, resources, such as coal, fish and supply, electricity, sewage,
minerals to support large wastage removal and Internet links
populations. can support large populations.
Chapter 2: Population structure
Unit 3: Population indicators
• Population characteristics differ from one country to another.
• Geographers use population indicators [ different measurements which give us
information about a country’s population characteristics] to compare the characteristics
of different populations.
3.1 Population indicators
• Birth rate(BR): The number of babies born per 1000 of the population per year.
BR= Number of live births
Total population
• Death rate(DR): The number of deaths per year per 1000 of the population.
DR= Number of deaths
Total population
• Life expectancy(LE): The average number of years a person can expect to live.
• Infant mortality rate: The number of infant death per 1000 live births. In other words the
number of babies per 1000 born alive who then die in the first 12 months after birth.
• Natural increase(NI): The rate at which a country’s population is growing, excluding
migration into or out of the country. We calculate it by subtracting the 24(per 1000) and
DR=12(per1000), NI=24-12=12 per 1000 or 1,2%.
• Fertility rate(FR): The average number of children an average woman would have if she
were to live to the end of her child-bearing years.
• Literacy rate(LR): The percentage of the total population who can read and write.
• GDP per capita: The gross domestic product per person. In other words, it is the living in
towns and cities.
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