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Marine Biology 8th Edition By Castro - Test Bank
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, 1Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The Challenger expedition made collections of marine organisms:
A. Around the world
B. In the Pacific Ocean only
C. In the Atlantic Ocean only
D. In the Mediterranean Sea only
E. In the North Sea only
2. The first marine laboratory in the world was established in:
A. Russia
B. England
C. France
D. Italy
E. Japan
3. The first marine laboratory established in the U.S. was:
A. Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington
B. Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California
C. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts
D. Smithsonian Institution in Washington
E. Hopkins Marine Station in California
4. Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution, was actually a marine biologist who specialized
in:
A. Whales
B. Fishes
C. Marine birds
D. Barnacles
E. Oysters
5. A technological development that was a direct development of World War II:
A. Scuba
B. Research vessels
C. Nets
D. Marine laboratories
E. Sonar
6. The scientific method can be best described as:
A. Undertaking of experiments in laboratories
B. Use of induction and deduction
C. Collecting data in the field
D. Procedures used to learn about our world
E. Steps used to obtain observations
7. The factors that might affect observations are called:
A. Controls
B. Variables
C. Experiments
D. Hypotheses
E. Inductive observations
,8. A control can be best defined as:
A. A variable that is kept constant in an experiment
B. An experiment where the final results are known ahead of time
C. A hypothesis that regulates the results of an experiment
D. An experiment that is undertaken both in the field and in the laboratory
E. A variable that changes during the course of an experiment
9. A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of
induction from these observations is:
A. Only some fishes can leap out of the water
B. All fishes leap out of the water
C. Fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators
D. Flatfishes can leap out of the water since they live on the bottom
E. Leaping out of the water is often used in feeding
10. From the general statement "All fishes lay eggs," the following results from deduction:
A. Since tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs
B. Since tuna are fish, tuna swim
C. Egg laying is beneficial to fishes
D. Tuna must lay their eggs in deep water
E. Since fishes are marine, tuna lay eggs
11. An example of a hypothesis that is not a valid scientific hypothesis because it cannot be proven false:
A. The earth is flat
B. The sun revolves around the earth
C. Organisms similar to deep-water marine worms live in the center of the earth
D. The deepest spot on the ocean is off the coast of a volcanic island
E. Whales listen to sound
12. An experiment can be best described as:
A. A set of observations that become a hypothesis
B. Obtaining data from the field
C. An artificially created situation to test a hypothesis
D. Controlling a particular factor in the field
E. Making observations from naturally occurring events
13. Science is limited since it cannot:
A. Predict the future
B. Make judgments about ethics, values, and morality
C. Arrive at fundamental truths
D. Provide information that can be applied to real life
E. Provide exceptions for negative evidence
14. One of the following is outside the realm of science:
A. Observations made using extrasensory perception (ESP)
B. Data collected from an experiment
C. Data collected from the field
D. Anything that can be obtained by our senses
E. Observations made by satellites
15. Scientific knowledge is ultimately traced to:
A. Hypotheses
B. Inductions
C. Deductions
D. Theories
E. Observations
, 16. How much of the Earth's oxygen is generated by marine organisms?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 90%
E. 95%
17. What is the estimated annual value of the ocean's living systems?
A. $ 2 million
B. $ 2 billion
C. $ 20 billion
D. $ 2 trillion
E. $20 trillion
18. Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is not true?
A. Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection
B. Darwin was the first to use a chronometer timepiece
C. Darwin served as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle
D. Darwin explained the formation of atolls
E. Darwin used nets to capture plankton
19. Who is the first scientist credited with documenting that sea floor life varies with depth?
A. Charles Darwin
B. James Cook
C. Leif Eriksson
D. Edward Forbes
E. Charles Wyville Thompson
20. Jacques Cousteau is best known for helping to perfect which marine technology?
A. Sonar
B. Remote sensing
C. Scuba
D. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
E. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)
21. When can a hypothesis be accepted as absolutely true?
A. After one experiment or observation
B. After ten experiments or observations
C. After numerous experiments or observations over many years
D. Never
22. In experiments, scientists create artificial situations to test hypotheses because:
A. They cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions.
B. It is always easier to study organisms in the lab
C. Hypotheses cannot be accepted unless they have been studied under these conditions
D. The scientific method requires it
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