African philosophy finds expression in four distinctive discourses. Briefly describe each
of these discourses.
Based on Richard Peters argument, what can Empiricism help you as a teacher to
achieve in your classroom activities?
Write an essay and discuss how Critical Theory can help you as a te...
2.1. The 4 discourses in African Philosophy. .............................................................. 4
2.2. What can Empiricism help you as a teacher achieve in your classroom activities.
................................................................................................................................... 6
How Critical Theory can help an educator change the classroom dynamic from
emphasis of route learning to critical thinking: ............................................................ 8
Bibliography of essay: .............................................................................................. 13
, Question 1:
1.1 Communality -
Communality is the central concept that puts emphasis on the importance of
community and the collective identity as a whole. It is the idea that individuals are
deeply interconnected and interdependent and the well being of the individual is very
closely tied to the well being of the community as a whole. It focuses on communal
values, extended family networks and communal rituals as key elements to the
wellbeing and collective identity of the community. By achieving communality, it will
promote a sense of shared responsibility for the welfare of the community. Individuals
are expected to actively contribute to the betterment of the community fostering a spirit
of togetherness. (Phillip Higgs, Jane Smith, 2017)
1.2. A fact-
If you look at a fact in terms of Empiricism philosophy it can be defined as knowledge
that is based on direct sensory experience that we as humans experience in our daily
lives. (Phillip Higgs, Jane Smith, 2017) A fact is an observable verifiable piece of
information that corresponds with reality as it is perceived through a person’s sensory
experience. A fact’s reliability, consistency and contextual dependence play crucial
roles in establishing its validity within the empirical framework. (Hossain, 2014)
1.3 Pragmatism-
According to (Rorty, 1982) pragmatism emphasizes the practical and experiential
dimensions of human knowledge and action. What is meant with this is that
pragmatism is a philosophical approach that asserts that truth is discovered through a
collaborative effort of a community of individuals engaging with the real world, all forms
of inquiry are grounded in the practicality and focused on addressing real life
challenges. This is due to the fact that human beings are continuously encountering
specific problems that demand tangible and practical solutions, rather than abstract or
speculative considerations. Pragmatism encourages a person to learn through
experimenting to achieve results while advocating for their continuous refinement and
adaptation based on new experiences and changing circumstances. (Phillip Higgs,
Jane Smith, 2017).
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