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Clinical Chemistry Final- 2023/2024 Test bank R192,17
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Clinical Chemistry Final- 2023/2024 Test bank

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  • Course
  • CHEM 161
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  • CHEM 161
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Clinical Chemistry Final- 2023/2024 Test bank

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  • November 9, 2023
  • 23
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • CHEM 161
  • CHEM 161
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Clinical Chemistry Final- Test bank

Sensitivity equation - ANSTP/(TP+FN)

For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true positives divided
by all results that should have been positive

Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSNPV = TN/(TN+FN)

NPV is best described as... - ANSThe number of true negative values divided by all observed
negative values

Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSStandard deviation

Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSMean

Specificity equation - ANSTN/(TN+FP)

For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true negatives divided
by all results that should have been negative

What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSSpecificity, sensitivity, predictive value,
and accuracy

What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSAccuracy, precision, reference range,
and critical values

Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSpH, Na, Cl,
CO2, K

(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high
volumes of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. -
ANSTrue

(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. -
ANSTrue

Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician? -
ANSObjective and personalized patient information

What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from
unbound antigen during the assay? - ANSEMIT

,What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1
minute? - ANSInternational unit

Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSEndogenous enzymes and
endogenous substrates

UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in
solution or samples? - ANSThe Beer-Lambert Law

What does nephelometry measure? - ANSIt measures the scatter of light by particles (light
scattering of the sample/the stability of the sample)

What does refractometry measure? - ANSLight bending as it passes through different media

Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSMS can determine molecular weight, detect
novel substances, and has high mass accuracy.

What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? -
ANSImmunochromatographic assay

What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test
is... - ANSSo simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared by
the FDA for home use

What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test? - ANS7 to 10 days after conception

Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? - ANSHair

Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated
based on the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSCreatinine

Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSBinding by
serum albumin

Hyponatremia is... - ANSDecreased blood sodium levels

, What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANS1-2%

What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSChloride

Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective
electrodes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? -
ANSImmunochromatographic method

An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift
of potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSAlkalosis & hypokalemia

What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSVomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea

Hypernatremia is... - ANSElevated blood sodium levels

The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSSodium

Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in
establishing the Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? - ANSSIADH

A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSAcidosis & hyperkalemia

Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSSodium

Major intracellular electrolyte - ANSPotassium

Most abundant anion found in the intracellular environment? - ANSPhosphate

The buffy coat includes... - ANSWBCs and platelets

Normocytic anemia is caused by - ANSAcute blood loss

What is the role of platelets? - ANSThey are involved in control of clotting

What coagulation pathways does aPTT assay monitor? - ANSThe intrinsic pathway and is
important to heparin therapy

(T/F) MCV, Hct, Hgh are the same in all people. - ANSFalse, unique to men, women, children,
and infants.

RBCs - ANSCarry oxygen bound to hemoglobin to the tissues

MCV (mean cell/corpuscle volume) formula - ANSHct (hematocrit)/RBC count

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