Summary
Summary human evolution
- Institution
- 12th Grade
Summary of the entire topic on human evolution in just a few pages. Summarised from a CAPS textbook for grade 12 learners that are writing national senior certificate.
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HUMAN EVOLUTION intro5 Kingdoms animalplantfungiprotistimonera
vertebrate
1 invertebrates
assificationotmodernhumans fish
amphibians
reptile
mammal
phylum Dchordata birds
Subphylum DVertebrate
Class DMammalia Phylogenetiltree
Order Dprimate Corelationshipbetween
organisms groups
Suborder
DAnthropoidea includesmonkeysapeshumans familyHominidae relationshipbetweenmembersofgroup
stamine
family BHominidae
Genus D Homo pongioaeditylobatidaelgibbons
Species
altramen
14ythimpy
showallincluded
recentlyfossilrecords
intoonetamine Hominidae
hominid groupconsistingofmodern
humans
gorillashorgangutans immediateancestors
chimpanzees
consistingofmodern
i hominin group human
humansextinct
pecieshallimmediateancestors a genera HomoAustralopithecus
Paranthropusharidipithecus
humaniotteniomparedtohapes classifiedashominids
imilarites humansandAfricanApes tallprimates
evolutionarytreeotprimateorderbeganiniate Cretaceous
Similarities
period
brainsskullcomparedtobodymass
large
visioneyesinfront stereoscopicvision
binocular
rotatingarms
Freely
longupperarms
Elbowjointsallowrotationottorearm
Barefingertipsflatnaillenocian
oppdirectiontofingers
Opposablethumbsworkin
upright
posture
Rotate
handsatleast180
sexualdimorphism distinctdiffbetweenmatedfemale
Olfactorybraincentresreoviedlbseniesmell
PartsofBrain
thatprocessintofromhands eyesare
enlarged
Noofoffspringproduced fewsyoungdependenton
forlongerperiodoftime teachsurvivalskills
parents
, DIFFERENCES STRUCTURAL ANATOMICAL Characteristic AfricanApes Human Homosapiens
Brainsize craniumbrain
smaller Largercranium brain
Cranium partofskulthatprotects
brain coordination
making S
brainwelldevelopedhandeye
Bronridges largebrowridgeabove
eye smallbrownogerasourdet
consistlotsottertood
supportlargechewing
musclesslopingforheadthu upright brows
allows greater
frontallobedevelopmentotbran
limitssizeoffrontallobeof
brain
Cranial acrosstopotcraniumtor Absent
humanshave
smaller
ridges attatchmentoflargesan saw
muscle
muscle
positionof Backotskull Platedforwardsbottomot
towards
Placed
foramen iwalkonallfours skull
spinal belowso
cord bipedal
Magnum
SpineVertebral Cshaped Sshaped
column leasurved uprightposition
exposes
smallersatosun les
chanteofoverheating
while
hunting
Pelvicgirdle longerdhavrow shorterwider toensure
attachmentothmustobe
uprightand
balanced
Bipedalism cansitonvianthwalkon walkontwoteetanthetime
afeetoccasionny i difffromotherprimate
were
capable
largercaninestmolars Smaller cheekteeth
canines
Teethdentition
gapbetween'nasorshcanines Molars
nogappetweeninatoria
canines
Palateshape largesawswithteetina Smalljawswitnteethongentle
Ofjan U shaperectangular roundedcurve
facesaw
Prognathism sloping protrudes Flattaieless
protruding
isprognathu Jaws non
prognathous
Lowerchint
Has
poorly chin
developed Haswelldeveloped
chin
jaw
African
Apeswalkonallfoursivieknucklestorsupport knuckle
walking
alive
HumansaretheonlyHominins today
I
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