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Summary Sport Science Topic : Muscles, the skeletal system and the cardiovascular system.
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- 10th Grade
Notes cover muscles, the skeletal system, planes of the body and the cardiovascular system.
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Grade 10 Sport Science: Topic 1: Muscles:The human body has more that six hundred muscles.
Muscles are attached to the skeleton which provides the body’s framework.
Every movement happens as a result of:
Contraction (shortening)
Extending (lengthening)
Muscles assist in blood circulation, protection of abdominal organs and keeps the organs in
place and muscles give us our unique shape.
Three different kinds of muscle:
1. Smooth or involuntary muscle.
2. Cardiac muscle.
3. Skeletal of voluntary muscle.
1. Smooth or Involuntary muscle:
Contracts involuntary because the nervous system controls in automatically.
Found in layers with each layer running in a different direction, allows the muscle to
contract in all directions.
Smooth muscles are found in the stomach, digestive system, bladder, women’s
uterus, eyes.
2. Cardiac or heart muscle:
Makes up the heart. Also known as the myocardium.
, Cardiac muscle contracts and relaxes to pump blood.
Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle works by itself.
3. Skeletal or Voluntary muscle:
Makes up most of our flesh. 40%.
640 individual skeleton muscles.
Arranged in layers, under skin are called superficial muscles and inside the body are
called deep muscles.
Makes up the musculoskeletal.
Comes in pairs, one to to move the bone in one direction and another one to move
the bone in a different direction.
Named according to:
1. Shape: Deltoid muscle in the shoulder is shaped like a triangle. (Greek delta)
Trapezius muscle: Shaped like a trapezoid.
2. Direction of fibres:
The Transverse Abdominus muscle runs diagonally across the abdomen.
The External Oblique muscle runs at a sloping angle.
, 3. Point of attachment:
The Serratus Anterior muscle is located at the front (anterior) side of the body.
4. Location:
The Intercostal muscles are groups of muscle between the ribs.
5. Action:
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